8 Chapter 2
Chapter 2
Atomic Structure and Radioisotopes
41 Iodine is concentrated in the thyroid gland.
42 The common sources of iodine in foods are dried seaweed, yogurt, turkey breast, tuna, eggs,
potatoes, strawberries, and cranberries.
43 The symptoms of an iodine deficiency in an adult are an enlarged thyroid or goiter. Severe iodine
deficiency is linked to high infant mortality and physical and learning disabilities.
44 Iron requires a daily intake of 8–18 mg.
45 Hemoglobin is a substance in red blood cells that transports oxygen.
46 Iron is found in red meat, pork, poultry, beans, seafood, dark green leafy vegetables, dried fruit,
and cereal.
47 A person is anemic when they have a diminished number of red blood cells produced.
48 Fluoride builds strong bones and tooth enamel. Fluoride is found in fluoridated water.
49 Zinc is necessary for wound healing and fighting infection. Zinc is found in oysters, breakfast
cereal, beef, pork, chicken, yogurt, baked beans, and nuts.
50 The smallest stable component of matter is an atom.
51 Protons, neutrons, and electrons are three subatomic particles found in an atom. The protons and
neutrons are found in the nucleus, whereas the electrons are found in electron orbitals.
52 A proton has a +1 charge; a neutron has no charge; and an electron has a −1 charge.
53 the proton and the neutron
54 the proton and the neutron
55 the electron
56 The heavier particles (the protons and the neutrons) are concentrated in the small volume of the
nucleus. Therefore, the nucleus is extremely dense.
57 The mass of a proton is 1.007 amu and 1 6. ×726 10−24 g.
58 The atomic number represents the number of protons in an atom.
59 a. Sb, antimony b. As, arsenic c. Al, aluminum d. Ra, radium
60 a. Mg, magnesium b. Si, silicon c. Ba, barium d. Se, selenium
61 a. carbon, C b. thallium, Tl c. uranium, U d. platinum, Pt e. cobalt, Co
62 a. Beryllium, Be b. Manganese, Mn c. Palladium, Pd d. Thorium, Th e. Seaborgium, Sg
63 Lead is located between thallium and bismuth. Lead has 82 protons; thallium has 81 protons;
bismuth has 83 protons.
64 Titanium is located between scandium and vanadium.
65 a. boron, B, atomic number 5, 5 protons and 5 electrons b. cesium, Cs, atomic number 55, 55
protons and 55 electrons c. gallium, Ga, atomic number 31, 31 protons and 31 electrons
