Test Bank for Early Childhood Education Today , 14th Edition

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1Early Childhood Education Today, 14e(Morrison)Chapter 1You and Early Childhood Education: What Does It Mean to Be a Professional?1.1Multiple Choice Questions1) Early childhood professionals teach children ________.A) Birth to 10 years of ageB) Birth to 8 years of ageC) 2 years to kindergartenD) Pre-kindergarten and kindergartenAnswer: B2) The fact that young children are extremely capable and naturally eager to learn has beenproven through ________.A) Scientific knowledgeB) Mathematical knowledgeC) Literary knowledgeD) Theoretical knowledgeAnswer: A3) Michael was a kindergarten teacher ten years ago. He is now returning to the field. Michaelhas always been aware of and understood the National Association for the Education of youngChildren's standards for professional development, but today, he learned that he must also beaware of the standards from the Division of Early Childhood of the Council for ExceptionalChildren. These standards apply to Michael because he will be ________.A) Monitored by special educationB) Teaching children in a second languageC) Teaching in an inclusive classroomD) Certified in special educationAnswer: C4) The field of early childhood is changing rapidly due to the following factors EXCEPT________.A) An increase in scientific knowledge about childrenB) Recent developments in research-based programs and curriculaC) Increased enrollment in early childhood programsD) Pay increases and bonuses for early childhood educatorsAnswer: D5) Knowledge of individual children, knowledge of children's culture, and knowledge of childdevelopment is known as ________.A) Developmentally Appropriate PracticeB) Early Childhood GuidelinesC) Developmentally Accurate PracticeD) Early Childhood StandardsAnswer: A

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26) Polly is a preschool teacher and understands that one of her most important responsibilities asan early childhood professional is assessment. What two forms of assessment should Polly use inher classroom in ongoing and systematic ways?A) Standards and normsB) Observation and documentationC) Norm-referenced and dictationD) Checklists and tablesAnswer: B7) Which term refers to the teaching skills teachers need to help all children learn contentknowledge?A) Pedagogical knowledgeB) Content area instructionC) Pedagogical content knowledgeD) Developmentally appropriate knowledgeAnswer: C8) When teachers actively engage in thinking before, during, and after teaching to makeinstructional and assessment decisions is known as ________.A) Reflective practiceB) Professional learning communitiesC) Developmental teaching cycleD) Inclusionary practiceAnswer: A9) According to the Morrison text, the most important disposition is ________.A) PatienceB) DeterminationC) CaringD) FairnessAnswer: C10) Knowing what you believe about children, your feelings about appropriate or inappropriatelearning environments, what you think are the purposes of education, how you view the teacher'srole, and what you think you should know and be able to do should be part of your ________.A) School mission statementB) Curriculum planC) Philosophy of educationD) Code of education ethicsAnswer: C

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311) Research has shown that students benefit when teachers develop more in-depthunderstanding of the following EXCEPT ________.A) How to differentiate instructionB) How to correctly calculate test scoresC) How to use formative assessmentsD) How to teach in different content areasAnswer: B12) This is an approach to education that ensures that all young children have opportunities toplay and learn together in a variety of settings.A) InclusionB) Special educationC) Special supportsD) Active accommodationsAnswer: A13) This assessment tool is one of themainmeans for gathering information about youngchildren.A) TestingB) ObservationC) RubricsD) ScreeningsAnswer: B14) This NAEYC standard provides guidelines for becoming a professional.A) Standard 4B) Standard 2C) Standard 3D) Standard 6Answer: D15) About ________ percent of all children in public schools have a disability of some kind.A) 40B) 35C) 13D) 5Answer: C16) Early childhood standards for practice are determined by ________.A) AYCEB) NAEYCC) ECDAPD) NACEAnswer: B

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417) The code of ethics for the field of early childhood education was developed by whichprofessional organization?A) Early Childhood Development CouncilB) National Association for the Education of Young ChildrenC) International Reading AssociationD) Child Development Credentialing AssociationAnswer: B18) Dr. Thomas is the principal at Crest Early Childhood Center. She has worked hard toestablish a professional learning community at her school. Professional learning communities aredesigned to do which of the following?A) Attract the best teachers because it is a socially rewarding and stimulating environment.B) Follow the letter of the law in early childhood education practices.C) Increase student achievement by creating a school culture focused on learning.D) Implement brain based research practices and problem solving.Answer: C1.2Essay/Discussion Questions1) List each component of DAP. Provide examples of how we would see examples of each in ahigh quality classroom.Answer: DAP is teaching that addresses each child grows and develops on an individual andcultural basis. It asks that professionals know how children grow and develop, the individualneeds of children, and the cultural aspects of the child. Several important things that all teachersneed to do is observe children, create inclusive environments, connect with families, useassessment wisely and fairly, and to be lifelong learners.2) Discuss inclusion. Why do early childhood educators need to know of this concept? Whatshould they do to prepare for this? What role will assessment play in inclusionary practices?Answer: Inclusion means that children with and without disabilities learn and work together inthe regular classroom. Teachers need to know this because classrooms are more diverse thanever and children have diverse needs. Assessment must be used to guide decision making for alllearners.

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1Early Childhood Education Today, 14e(Morrison)Chapter 2Current Issues and Public Policy: Contemporary Influences on Childrenand Families2.1Multiple Choice Questions1) Currently, the federal poverty level is ________ for a family of four.A) $32,000B) $40,000C) $24,000D) $18,000Answer: C2) Children whose parents are unemployed are at an increased risk for experiencing all of thefollowing EXCEPT ________.A) PovertyB) HomelessnessC) Child abuseD) Cultural diversityAnswer: D3) Socioeconomic status (SES) consists of three interrelated measures: ________.A) Parents' education levels, parents' employment status, and family incomeB) Family income, ethnic origin, and literacy skillsC) Parents' education levels, cultural backgrounds, and frequency of school visitsD) Ethnic origins, location of residence, and ability to speak EnglishAnswer: A4) Funding for schools is determined by ________.A) School fund raisers and property taxesB) Standardized test results and property taxesC) The number of minorities in schools and standardized test resultsD) The percentage of children living in poverty and property taxesAnswer: D5) Kendra and Jaime have a family with two girls. They are well-read parents and are veryconcerned about the gender achievement gap. Tonight they are attending the school/familymeeting to find out how the school is handling this situation. All of the following statements aretrue about the gender achievement gap EXCEPT which one?A) There is a high participation gap in math and science subjects between the genders.B) The gender achievement gap has created a shortage of girls in STEM-related classes.C) The family income level is the most important issue in gender related issues.D) There is a belief that science, math, and athletic based classes are considered to be"masculine" subjects.Answer: C

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26) Amanda and Toni chose not to get married, but are living together as life partners. They areraising Toni's two children from a previous marriage. This scenario is a description of howfamilies are changing in ________.A) RolesB) DefinitionsC) LogisticsD) StructureAnswer: D7) Many hospitals and community colleges are providing courses and seminars to support fathersin preparing them for the joys and responsibilities of fathering. They are doing this because________.A) Many men feel unprepared for fatherhoodB) Court cases are proving the significance of fatherhoodC) It is the 21st Century award requirementD) Fathers are the head of most middle class familiesAnswer: A8) ________ is the most prevalent chronic disease in children and adults.A) AsthmaB) Allergic reactionsC) Lead poisoningD) Dental cariesAnswer: A9) Teachers can reduce the effects of asthma in the classroom by doing the following EXCEPT________.A) Reducing or eliminating carpetingB) Use fragrant air fresheners dailyC) Wipe down all classroom surfaces dailyD) Regularly change air conditioner filtersAnswer: B10) Exposure to ________ can lead to low IQs, short attention spans, hyperactivity, learningdisabilities, and behavioral problems.A) LeadB) MoldC) AllergensD) Cleaning fluidsAnswer: A

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311) Toys, furniture, and products manufactured overseas may contain ________ and need to bechecked before use by children.A) MercuryB) AmmoniaC) Hydroxy acidsD) LeadAnswer: D12) The belief that one particular race is better than or superior to others is known as ________.A) SupremacyB) BullyingC) RacismD) Cultural hierarchyAnswer: C13) Longview elementary school uses the "talk, walk, and squawk" method to prevent bullying.In this method, children are taught to do the following when confronted by a bully.A) Shout out a signal and walk to the nearest teacher and tell him/her to get adult support.B) Walk in groups, talk to each other, and shout out a warning signal if bullying occurs.C) Verbally stand up for themselves, walk away-but do not run as it might intensify the bullying-and to tell a teacher.D) Talk calmly to the bully using short phrases, walk away and if necessary run to safety, andwrite an incident report.Answer: B14) Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972 addresses ________.A) Giving equal opportunities to boys and girlsB) Reducing childhood obesityC) Federal assessment guidelinesD) Guidelines for students with disabilitiesAnswer: A15) Mrs. Jones has noticed a student acting oddly and is concerned. He seems afraid, has had oddbruises, and does not want to go home after school. Mrs. Jones shared this information with theprincipal and he said he would "take care of it." Mrs. Jones should ________.A) Report to Child Protective ServicesB) Respect her principal's wishes but monitor the child's behaviorC) Continue to investigate by questioning the student and taking photos of injuriesD) Go to the parents to share her concernsAnswer: A

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416) Elizabeth does not like a girl in her class so she went on Facebook and posted that she was atrashy pig and a thief. This action is ________.A) Typical for children todayB) Of no concern to the schoolC) BloggingD) CyberbullyingAnswer: D17) In addition to the guidelines for teaching children with special needs set by NAEYC,educators should also consult guidelines from ________.A) Division of Early Childhood and the Council for Exceptional ChildrenB) No Child Left BehindC) Public Law 93-247D) Children with Disabilities Council and Inclusion CouncilAnswer: A18) Today in America the New Majority Minorities are primarily ________.A) Hispanic and CanadianB) Latino and HispanicC) Hispanic and AsianD) Latino and EurasianAnswer: B19) Supporting ELLs in the classroom might be best accomplished by ________.A) Providing stickers or treats for good behaviorB) Making sure they are seated close to the other ELLsC) Utilizing cooperative learning groupsD) Making sure they speak English while in schoolAnswer: C2.2Essay/Discussion Questions1) What kinds of actions could you take to help children eat healthier foods and engage in ahealthier lifestyle? How would you involve parents?Answer:•Provide parents with information about nutrition•Encourage children to eat breakfast, and encourage parents to provide breakfast for theirchildren•Counsel parents to pull the plug on television•Cook with children and talk about foods and their nutritional value•Integrate literacy and nutritional activities•Provide opportunities for physical exercise every day

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52) What are specific ways you can design classroom conditions to meet the needs of childrenwith special needs?Answer:•Create a classroom schedule•Create routines•Have a curriculum that is appropriate for everyone•Develop classroom management skills•Use different types of grouping•Arrange the environment for interaction and inclusion•Establish rules•Develop transitions with verbal and nonverbal cues

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1Early Childhood Education Today, 14e(Morrison)Chapter 3Observation and Assessment for Teaching and Learning: Effective Teachingthrough Appropriate Evaluation3.1Multiple Choice Questions1) This assessment is the ongoing process of gathering data on students over the year as well aschecking for understanding along the way and guiding decision making.A) Formative assessmentB) Summative assessmentC) Performance-based assessmentD) Authentic assessmentAnswer: A2) This assessment tool is a performance and scoring guide that differentiates among levels ofperformance.A) ChecklistB) Rating scalesC) Running recordsD) RubricsAnswer: D3) Teachers should use assessment for the following purposes EXCEPT ________.A) Labeling a child's disabilitiesB) Providing information for families about their children's progressC) Determining the appropriate placement for childrenD) To inform lesson and activity plans and establish goalsAnswer: A4) ________ is evaluation of children's learning and the instructional activities in which they areinvolved.A) Informal screeningB) Formative assessmentC) Authentic assessmentD) Summative assessmentAnswer: C5) Mrs. Sanchez is having her ELL students play the game "Pronoun Jeopardy" at the end of herunit on the use of pronouns. These students are not only having fun, but Mrs. Sanchez is able touse the results of this assessment activity to plan for areas of student improvement. This type ofassessment is ________.A) Performance-basedB) StandardizedC) Norm-referencedD) Formal assessmentAnswer: A

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26) The process of gathering data on students as a part of the instructional process to inform whatinstructional adjustments are needed is known as ________.A) Authentic assessmentB) Dynamic assessmentC) Formative assessmentD) Summative assessmentAnswer: C7) Guidelines for using authentic assessment include all below EXCEPT ________.A) Provide ongoing assessment over the entire yearB) Detailing what each child cannot do yetC) Involve children and parents in a collaborative processD) Learn about the whole childAnswer: B8) Mr. Cane is reviewing his observations, checklists, and student portfolios. He needs to makesome decisions for his small group student placements for next week's lessons. Mr. Cane is usingwhich type of assessment?A) Formal screeningB) StandardizedC) Norm-referencedD) Informal-authenticAnswer: D9) A detailed narrative of a child's behavior that focuses on a sequence of events that occur overa period of time is a/an ________.A) Anecdotal recordB) Running recordC) Event samplingD) Rating scaleAnswer: B10) Mrs. Norman systematically monitors Karen for a week during the 45 minutes of math. Sheis careful to document the time and nature of the ABCs. The A in the term ABC observationsystem stands for which of the following?A) ActionB) AntecedentC) ActivityD) AnalysisAnswer: B

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311) Ms. Alison has noted that Douglas seems more aggressive during center time. She has notedthe aggressive behavior as hitting, yelling, pushing, and taking things from other children. Sheneeds to confirm her thoughts and determine the frequency these things occur. Which of thefollowing assessment strategies would work best for this?A) Time samplingB) Event talliesC) ABA samplingD) ChecklistAnswer: A12) This evaluation tool provides scales or ranges of performance, with a list of descriptors, for aset of behaviors or goals.A) ChecklistsB) PortfoliosC) Anecdotal recordsD) Rating scalesAnswer: D13) Rhonda has heard that rubrics can be a very effective way to not only assess student work inthe classroom but to challenge students to higher levels of achievement. In studying more aboutcreating rubrics, she learned that rubrics are most effective if all the following criteria arefollowed EXCEPT which one?A) Encourage children to revise their work according to the rubric assessment.B) Provide children with models or examples of each level of work.C) Give children opportunities to contribute to the rubric criteria.D) Use two levels of performance: below grade level and on grade level.Answer: D14) Screenings are used for the following EXCEPT ________.A) To make initial decisions about placementsB) To make decisions about instructional levels and groupingC) To make referrals to other programs or agenciesD) To make diagnoses of children's disabilitiesAnswer: D15) Mr. Phillips has planned and conducted an observation using notes and checklists on severalchildren in his classroom. Next, he will need to do the following step in the process.A) Implement a planB) Meet with the familyC) Use this information to complete report cardsD) Interpret the dataAnswer: D

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416) IDEA mandated that assessment and evaluation for children with special needs s fair andequitable for all children, and teachers must adhere to these guidelines EXCEPT ________.A) Be administered in the child's native language or other mode of communicationB) Be used as the only basis for special education eligibilityC) Be validated for the purpose for which they are being usedD) Be administered by trained personnel in conformance with instructions from the test publisherAnswer: B17) In addition to language barriers, unrealistic expectations on assessments, and poor alignmentwith standards, ELs may also experience challenges with achievement due to ________.A) Intelligence or cognitionB) Pro-social skillsC) Ethnic originsD) Cultural differencesAnswer: D18) ELs' academic performance is below that of their peers. In addition to this they ________.A) Have excessively high dropout ratesB) Do not receive differentiated instructionC) Avoid testing given in their primary languageD) Have chronic health problemsAnswer: A3.2Essay/Discussion Questions1) Discuss the advantages of using intentional, systematic observation. Cite specific reasons (3-4) from the text.Answer:•Enables teachers to collect information they might not gather through other sources•Is ideally suited to learning more about children in play settings•Reveals a lot about children's prosocial behavior and peer interactions•Is a useful accompaniment to other assessments for children who may not typically respond•Provides a basis for assessment of what children are developmentally able to do•Is useful to assess children's performance over time•Provides concrete information for use in reporting to and conferencing with parents

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52) Lillian's principal as asked her to incorporate more technology in her assessments for hersecond grade classroom. What would you tell her about the benefits of pursuing this goal? Usespecific information from the chapter in your response.Answer:•More accurate assessment results•Less time spent preparing materials for assessment•Less time spent administering the actual assessment, which results in more time devoted toteaching in the classroom•More cost-effective•More flexibility to choose the appropriate setting for the assessment•Immediate feedback•Results are easy to interpret and share with administrators and parents•Results enable teachers to differentiate instruction with greater ease

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1Early Childhood Education Today, 14e(Morrison)Chapter 4The Past and the Present: Prologue to the Future4.1Multiple Choice Questions1) ________ founded the kindergarten, or the "Garden of Children" and believed children shouldhave specific materials to learn concepts and skills.A) MontessoriB) RousseauC) FroebelD) DeweyAnswer: C2) The kindergarten movement in the United States was going very well in the beginning;however, over time it suffered some problems because ________.A) It was based solely on children's playB) It was too naturalisticC) It was too expensive for most parentsD) It became rigid and teacher centeredAnswer: C3) John Amos Comenius wrote the first picture book for children entitled ________.A)Orbis PictusB)The Great DidacticC)Pictus ComeniusD)Golden SensesAnswer: A4) The progressive education movement, child-centered education, and a curriculum based onchildren's interests are associated with this theorist.A) DeweyB) PestalozziC) LockeD) MontessoriAnswer: A5) This theorist is responsible for the theory of self-actualization based on needs motivation.A) EriksonB) PiagetC) DeweyD) MaslowAnswer: D

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