The Official LSAT PrepTest 90: (June 2020 LSAT) (2020)

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THE OFFICIAL LSAT
PREPTEST
• PrepTest 90
• Form FL0A08
90
MAY 2020
A Publication of the Law School Admission Council,
The Producers of the LSAT ®
®

2
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SECTION I
Time—35 minutes
27 Questions
Directions: Each set of questions in this section is based on a single passage or a pair of passages. The questions are to be answered
on the basis of what is stated or implied in the passage or pair of passages. For some questions, more than one of the choices could
conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, choose the response that most accurately and
completely answers the question and mark that response on your answer sheet.(5)
(10)
(15)
(20)
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(40)
(45)A major problem facing industrial societies is their
exponentially increasing production of toxic waste.
Environmental regulations and expenses for landfills and
incinerators have increased significantly in recent years.
In an effort to save time and money, many industries
have turned to alternative methods of hazardous-waste
disposal, including increased use of deep-well injection.
In this method, wells are drilled into porous and
permeable rock strata that are already saturated with salt
water. Liquid wastes are then injected into the rock
strata. Most of these wells are drilled to a depth of at
least 300 meters—the minimum depth that generally puts
the injected waste at a safe distance below any aquifer, in
this case a rock stratum containing drinkable water. Such
wells are rarely deeper than 1,800 meters, because below
this depth it is more cost-effective to consider an
alternative method of disposal. Deep-well injection,
which has been used to some extent since the 1930s, has
become a matter of controversy as growing numbers of
communities come to rely on underground sources of
drinking water. The controversy arises because there are
three serious problems with this method of waste
disposal.
Under the best conditions, wastes are injected into
rock strata saturated with salt water and separated by
impermeable rock strata from aquifers containing
drinkable water. However, injection wells may leak,
allowing significant amounts of noxious chemicals to
mix with supplies of drinking water. In other cases,
mistakes by personnel working on the wells may lead to
the pollution of aquifers. In one such case, workers
installing a 500-meter-deep well left a gap along
approximately 30 meters of its steel casing. This allowed
waste to escape at depth of only 200 meters, threatening
a regional aquifer supplying water to 100,000 people.
Because such accidents take place deep within the earth,
people may be exposed to dangerous levels of waste
materials for long periods of time before the problem is
even discovered.
The third problem associated with deep-well
injection arises from the fact that it is nearly impossible
to predict how the injected wastes will be acted on by the
geological features of the injection area. Unlike surface
water, the water in underground rock strata does not flow
entirely under the influence of gravity. Moving along
subterranean pressure gradients, it can flow in any
direction and, in some cases, can be transported
thousands of meters per year through geologic faults,
porous rock, or other geologic formations.(50)
(55)The significant uncertainty about where
injected wastes will flow, along with the
possibilities of mechanical failure and human
error, makes deep-well injection a risky means of
managing hazardous wastes. Unfortunately, as
societies produce more toxic waste, industry will
rely increasingly upon this relatively cheap,
efficient means of disposal.1. Which one of the following most accurately states the
main point of the passage?
(A) Deep-well injection of hazardous wastes is unsafe
when expensive precautionary measures are not
taken.
(B) Although deep-well injection of hazardous wastes
can be unsafe, it is generally safe when proper
procedures are followed and sites are carefully
selected.
(C) Because of the high costs and extensive
regulations associated with other methods, deep-
well injection has wholly supplanted alternative
methods of hazardous-waste disposal.
(D) The increasing use of deep-well injection as a
method of hazardous-waste disposal is seriously
problematic.
(E) Careful design and location of deep-well-injection
facilities is important because communities
commonly rely on groundwater for drinking.
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2. The passage most strongly suggests that which one of the
following is true?
(A) The use of landfills and incinerators for the disposal of
hazardous wastes is no longer considered safe.
(B) Injection of hazardous wastes at depths of more than
1,800 meters is less expensive but more dangerous
than injection of such wastes at 300 meters.
(C) Deep-well injection of hazardous wastes can
contaminate aquifers of drinking water that are great
distances from the deep-well-injection site.
(D) Disposal of hazardous wastes in landfills involves
various risks, but—unlike deep-well injection—it
does not involve the risk of contaminating
groundwater.
(E) Drinking-water wells are usually deeper than the wells
that are drilled for deep-well injection of hazardous
wastes.
3. Which one of the following would, if true, most strengthen
the author’s position regarding the risks of deep-well
injection of hazardous wastes?
(A) Few of the rock formations that industries consider
suitable for deep-well injection of hazardous wastes
are adjacent to or connected to sources of drinkable
groundwater.
(B) Few of the toxic substances that are commonly
disposed of through deep-well injection have been
thoroughly tested for their effects on nonhuman
organisms.
(C) Many of the sites at which hazardous-waste-injection
wells are drilled are many miles from the industrial
facilities that use them for waste disposal.
(D) The movement of underground water is even more
rapid and less predictable than most geologists
believe.
(E) Methods of predicting and monitoring the movement
of underground water have significantly improved in
the time since the author gathered data.
4. According to the passage, which one of the following is
true of underground water?
(A) It can be suitable as a source of public drinking water
even when contaminated by low levels of deep-well-
injected wastes.
(B) It can seldom be found at depths of less than 200
meters in regions in which deep-well injection is
practiced.
(C) It can seldom be used as a source of water for
industrial processes.
(D) It can contain a high concentration of salt as a result of
contamination by deep-well-injected wastes.
(E) It can move from one underground formation to
another due to factors other than gravity.5. Based on the passage, which one of the following most
accurately states the purpose of deep-well injection of
hazardous waste?
(A) It serves as a short-term storage method for wastes
while their toxicity is neutralized.
(B) It makes aboveground hazardous-waste disposal
methods obsolete.
(C) It contains hazardous wastes in saltwater-saturated
underground areas.
(D) It creates underground pools of waste that can easily
be continuously and reliably monitored.
(E) It recycles certain low-toxicity wastes.
6. According to the passage, deep-well injection of hazardous
wastes has become
(A) more controversial because of an increased
dependence on underground sources of drinking water
(B) more controversial because of an increase in toxin-
related illnesses near deep-well-injection areas
(C) more widely accepted because newly developed
alternatives are more expensive than deep-well
injection
(D) more widely accepted because of increasing public
awareness of environmental issues
(E) more widely accepted because of relatively high
toxicity of wastes that are disposed of by deep-well
injection
7. Based on the passage, which one of the following most
accurately describes the ideal characteristics of an
underground area suitable for the deep-well injection of
hazardous wastes?
(A) At 300 meters or more below the surface, the area
contains a layer of impermeable rock below which
there are no permeable layers.
(B) At 300 meters or more below the surface, the area
contains a layer of permeable rock above which there
is a layer of impermeable rock.
(C) The area contains one or more layers of impermeable
rock extending from near the surface to a depth of at
least 300 meters.
(D) At a depth of 300 meters or less, the area contains an
aquifer into which water flows.
(E) The area contains a layer of impermeable rock overlain
by a layer of permeable rock at a depth of 1,800
meters or more.
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(5)
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(50)
(55)Native American stories often feature a character
called the trickster, a comic figure who has both mortal
weaknesses and supernatural powers. Recently, the term
“trickster” has also appeared in criticism of sixteenth-
and seventeenth-century European literature, particularly
in reference to the picaresque novel and its central
character, the picaro (Spanish for “rogue”): both the
picaro and the trickster are heroes of episodic adventures,
and both live on the peripheries of society and are
morally flawed.
Yet closer examination reveals that applying the
term “trickster” to both characters obscures essential
differences between them. The picaro—typically a male
character—operates primarily as an agent of satire. Most
commonly, the picaro’s adventures begin when he
spontaneously yields to his own roguish, though
innocent, impulses. The picaro indulges in vices and
follies with relish and freedom, much to the outrage of
other members of society, who often secretly indulge in
similar pastimes out of a habitual compulsion. Thus the
picaro’s authenticity serves as a foil to the perceived
hypocrisy of conventional society. To such a society, the
picaro can represent a dangerous, disruptive freedom,
and it reacts by marginalizing him. It is in that distance—
between the ostensibly disreputable freedom of the
picaro and the hypocrisy of the safely ensconced social
being—that the satire occurs.
But the trickster, usually an animal acting as a
human agent, does not serve a satiric function. For while
the picaresque novel takes place in and satirizes human
society, the trickster operates in the ahistorical world of
myth; where the targets of the picaresque novel are the
idiosyncrasies and inconsistencies of a historical human
society, trickster stories seek, using the trickster's
negative example, to instruct listeners about moral
behavior of individuals. In fact, whatever flaws the
trickster reveals are thoroughly the trickster's own. They
are not a foil to a corrupt society; they are instead
essential to who the trickster is. The trickster is a comic
figure precisely because of these somewhat irrational,
compulsive, and foolish—in short, mortal—actions.
Similarly, the trickster is a socially peripheral character
not by being forced to the periphery by a hypocritical
society, but rather because the trickster's thoroughly
flawed character makes the trickster fundamentally
antisocial, even anarchic, all the while helping listeners
to avoid these flaws.
It is this combination of mythic setting and mortal
weakness that determines the particular targets of the
trickster's comic high jinks: the eternal and unchanging
foibles of mortal beings. In one story, for example, a
coyote trickster falls in love with a star. The trickster is
quite tenacious and human, even though the object of
desire is beyond reasonable mortal possibility. In the end
the star takes the trickster up into the sky, only to let the
trickster fall back to Earth; the story's listeners realize
that the trickster has gotten a comeuppance for reaching
beyond proper limits, but all the while they recognize in
themselves the trickster's extravagant hopes.8. The passage provides the most support for inferring
that conventional society as portrayed in picaresque
novels perceives the picaro as representing a
dangerous, disruptive freedom for which one of the
following reasons?
(A) The picaro has the potential to inflict physical
injury on society members.
(B) The picaro threatens to upset long-standing
political structures.
(C) The picaro has been marginalized by conventional
society.
(D) The picaro threatens to force society to face its
hypocrisy.
(E) The picaro suffers no consequences for indulging
in his vices.
9. Based on the author’s view in the passage, applying
the term “trickster” to the character of the picaro is
most similar to which one of the following?
(A) claiming that someone supports an extreme
political view when it is clear that the person
supports a centrist view
(B) characterizing the panda as a bear based on
superficial similarities when a deeper
understanding shows it to be related instead to
the raccoon
(C) calling a court decision a milestone as a way of
suggesting metaphorically that the decision is
significant
(D) classifying a species of pine tree as an evergreen
even though many of its needles turn brown and
fall off during certain seasons
(E) describing a common weed as aggressive because
it outcompetes certain garden flowers for sun and
water
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10. The author of the passage states that the flaws of the
trickster are not a foil to a corrupt society (middle of the
third paragraph) primarily in order to
(A) demonstrate that the trickster is a comic figure with
supernatural powers
(B) allude to the functional similarities between the
trickster and the picaro
(C) contrast the role of the trickster with that of the picaro
(D) illustrate how the trickster is used to engage in social
commentary
(E) emphasize the disruptive, anarchic character of the
trickster
11. Based on the passage, the author would be most likely to
agree with which one of the following statements about the
literary criticism mentioned in the second sentence of the
first paragraph?
(A) It has systematically denigrated the literary traditions
of Native Americans.
(B) Its use of the trickster appellation has nothing to do
with the Native American trickster character.
(C) Its reading of picaresque novels is at odds with its
reading of Native American trickster stories.
(D) It reflects an attempt to be precise in the use of literary
terminology.
(E) It bases its analysis on an incomplete understanding of
trickster stories.12. In the context of the passage, which one of the following
most accurately captures the meaning of the term
“authenticity” in the middle of the second paragraph?
(A) conforming to an original
(B) having certain essential features
(C) behaving as others do
(D) inspiring absolute trust
(E) following one’s natural inclinations
13. The author refers to the story concerning the coyote
trickster and the star for each of the following reasons
EXCEPT:
(A) It provides evidence showing why coyotes make
particularly poignant trickster characters.
(B) It illustrates the claim that the targets of trickster
stories are human foibles.
(C) It supports the assertion that tricksters are comic
figures.
(D) It illustrates a way in which human listeners can
identify with the trickster figure.
(E) It indicates that one typically human trait tricksters can
have is extravagant desire.
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(5)
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(25)
(30)
(35)
(40)
(45)
(50)Passage A is adapted from an essay by historian
Christopher Ricks; passage B is from the introduction, by
historian Paulina Kewes, to a book in which Ricks’s
essay appears.
Passage A
In her 1996 history of plagiarism in English
Renaissance drama, Laura J. Rosenthal tells us that her
purpose is to “question differences between plagiarism,
imitation, adaptation, repetition, and originality.” But
such rhetorical questioning invariably leads to the
required postmodern answer: that there is no difference
between these things—other than that those in power use
the opprobrious term “plagiarism” when the work in
question emanates from those whom they dislike.
Though the book is animated by a political fervor
that is clearly moral, the author writes as if a political
approach has to extirpate all moral considerations from
any discussion of plagiarism. What in moral terms is a
matter of honesty or dishonesty—plagiarism being
dishonest—is instead reduced to “the cultural location of
the text and the position of the author.”
The consequence of a historical approach that seeks
to “delegitimize” the distinction between imitation and
plagiarism is that it demeans and degrades moral thought.
That no moral standard is universal does not of itself
entail that moral standards are nothing but expressions of
power. Moral conventions, though not universal, may be
valuable, indispensable, worthy of respect. The
extirpation of moral considerations from political
histories such as this one is a sad loss to political history.
Passage B
The idea of plagiarism, like all ideas, has a history.
To earlier generations it had semantic inflections and
resonances different from those we recognize today. The
varied impulses behind these varying views—which have
themselves evolved in response to commercial
circumstances, new theories of artistic creation, and
developments in copyright law—have repeatedly
complicated judgments of plagiarism. Despite an abiding
sense that plagiarism is morally wrong, there has been
much fluidity in the way the charge has been applied, and
virtually identical acts of illicit appropriation have been
sometimes denounced, sometimes excused, and
sometimes praised.
Christopher Ricks is suspicious of historical
approaches to ethical issues; to him, emphasis on change
across generations produces an extenuating moral
relativism that shields the evil of plagiarism from its due
obloquy. But there are historical approaches, and there
are historical approaches.
Ricks is rightly dismissive of the postmodern
reduction of moral standards to expressions of power.
And it is also true that there has been some shoddy
scholarship that anachronistically projects modern-day
ideologies having to do with gender, race, or class onto
historically remote controversies. Yet bad history is no
argument against history itself. To reconstruct the(55)
(60)attitudes of the past is not necessarily to vindicate
them. It is merely to acknowledge that whatever
we might think is the correct way of apprehending
plagiarism—and there is hardly a consensus on
the matter even today—our predecessors may not,
and often did not, share our perspectives.14. Both passages are concerned with answering which
one of the following questions?
(A) How did the modern concept of the author
develop in previous centuries?
(B) During what historical period did moral strictures
against plagiarism originate?
(C) How has the relationship between moral standards
and power changed over time?
(D) What are the significant differences between
plagiarism and simple imitation?
(E) How is the moral dimension of plagiarism to be
understood historically?
15. The authors of the two passages would be most likely
to agree that
(A) despite widely held beliefs to the contrary, there is
no significant difference between plagiarism and
imitation
(B) the fact that no moral position is universal
suggests that moral standards are ultimately little
more than manifestations of power
(C) currently widespread views regarding plagiarism
are more stringent than the views held by most of
our predecessors
(D) historical scholarship that focuses on changes in
attitudes toward plagiarism ultimately absolves
plagiarists of responsibility for their actions
(E) an inferior kind of historical scholarship practiced
today has a tendency to project current
ideological preoccupations inappropriately onto
the past
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16. Which one of the following is a central purpose common to
both passages?
(A) to trace the historical development of an important idea
(B) to find fault with a way of approaching a scholarly
topic
(C) to examine shifting scholarly attitudes toward a
particular topic
(D) to explain why a type of scholarship has become
dominant
(E) to argue that a particular book is deeply problematic
17. By using the phrase “political fervor” (first sentence of the
second paragraph of passage A), the author of passage A
suggests that Rosenthal exhibits
(A) a zealous determination to transform traditional
categories of thought
(B) an intense ambition to exercise influence over public
policy
(C) a powerful desire to foster political revolution
(D) a passionate eagerness to provoke heated debate
(E) a heartfelt support for a political party
18. It can be inferred that the author of passage B regards the
historical approach of the author of passage A as
(A) irresponsible
(B) incomprehensible
(C) deceitful
(D) simplistic
(E) reprehensible19. Passage A asserts that the inevitable answer to the question
raised in Rosenthal’s book is that
(A) political history must avoid engaging in the
consideration of moral issues
(B) there is no difference between plagiarism, imitation,
and adaptation
(C) moral conventions are worthy of respect
(D) there has been much fluidity in the way the charge of
plagiarism has been applied
(E) bad history is not an argument against history itself
20. Which one of the following most accurately characterizes
the relationship between the two passages?
(A) Passage B recommends an approach to historical
scholarship, and the historical analysis in passage A
conforms to that recommendation.
(B) Passage B advances an argument that is undermined by
the evidence offered in passage A.
(C) Passage B supports the overall argument advanced in
passage A but also indicates that passage A errs in
some of its details.
(D) Passage B concurs with certain views in passage A but
also suggests that the author of passage A carries his
position to an unjustifiable extreme.
(E) Passage B implies that all of the assertions made by the
author of passage A, though interesting, are
misguided.
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(5)
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(25)
(30)
(35)
(40)
(45)
(50)
(55)The use of criminal sanctions against corporations
is well established, but the practice has recently come
under fire from legal theorists who maintain that
corporations should be held civilly rather than criminally
liable for wrongdoing. Civil liability, these theorists
argue, shares important features with criminal liability:
both impose punishment on a company, both aim at
deterrence, and both degrade a company’s reputation.
Yet, they claim, civil liability is better able to determine
appropriate levels of damages. Furthermore, because
criminal liability causes a greater loss of reputation, its
overall cost to corporations is far higher than that of civil
liability; this additional cost is borne by society at large
in the form of higher product prices. Finally, civil
liability is also more cost-effective from the point of
view of the government: the greater procedural
protections of criminal law make deterrence through
criminal prosecution extremely expensive.
Even if it is less economical, however, criminal
liability is a much stronger deterrent. The considerable
enforcement powers involved, including the ability to
detain and question corporate officials, are themselves
significant deterrents. Furthermore, the fact that private
civil litigation requires an identifiable victim with the
necessary resources to commence litigation weakens its
deterrent impact. Most importantly, the main function of
criminal law is to censure wrongdoing and to emphasize
that society forcefully rejects such conduct. Civil liability
is ill suited for this purpose.
Other legal theorists who do not object to criminal
sanctions per se argue that individuals within
corporations, rather than corporations themselves, are the
appropriate target of criminal prosecution in cases
involving corporate wrongdoing. They maintain that
individuals within corporations are more responsive to
deterrence because they generally fear prosecution and
the loss of employment that can result from it.
Additionally, they say, punishment of a corporation, in
the form of a fine, essentially punishes shareholders,
creditors, employees who may be laid off, and ultimately
the public, which is forced to absorb higher prices.
However, this approach is also misguided.
Corporations often bury responsibility within complex
hierarchies, with the result that no individual responsible
for corporate misdeeds can be identified. Another
problem is that under this approach, a corporation will
often find it cheaper to designate and compensate an
internal scapegoat to face prosecution than to refrain
from wrongdoing. The most effective way to ensure that
corporations improve their practices is to hold
corporations themselves criminally liable for their
conduct. Indeed, criminal liability works on shareholders
as well as corporate officers and employees: because
criminal punishment of corporations decreases their
wealth, it can motivate shareholders to push for better
corporate practices. Arguments that shareholders and
employees need economic protection are outweighed by
the greater societal interest in ensuring the safety of
employees, the public, and the environment.21. Which one of the following most accurately expresses
the main point of the passage?
(A) Although the use of criminal sanctions against
corporations has recently faced criticism, it
remains the most effective way of deterring
corporate wrongdoing.
(B) While civil sanctions against corporations would
be more cost-effective than criminal sanctions, it
is difficult to identify victims of corporate
wrongdoing who have the resources to file civil
suits.
(C) Neither civil sanctions against corporations nor
criminal sanctions against individuals within
corporations are capable of deterring corporate
wrongdoing.
(D) The best way to ensure that corporations improve
their practices is to use criminal sanctions against
both corporations and individuals within
corporations.
(E) The use of criminal sanctions against individuals
within corporations is preferable to the use of
civil sanctions because the latter fails to censure
wrongdoing adequately.
22. Which one of the following most accurately describes
the author’s purpose in saying that corporations often
bury responsibility within complex hierarchies?
(A) to explain why corporations might find it
advantageous to appoint an internal scapegoat
(B) to highlight the reasons why individuals are,
according to critics of corporate criminal
liability, more responsive to deterrence
(C) to underscore the extent to which corporate
criminal liability penalizes certain people
unfairly
(D) to indicate that the proposal that individuals be
subject to criminal liability for corporate
wrongdoing is likely to be impracticable
(E) to suggest that critics of criminal corporate
liability have misunderstood the legal definition
of criminal liability
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23. It can be inferred from the passage that legal theorists who
recommend the use of civil rather than criminal sanctions to
combat corporate wrongdoing believe that
(A) corporate criminal liability provides no incentive for
individual corporate employees to refrain from
wrongdoing
(B) there are more procedural protections in criminal law
than there should be
(C) censuring wrongdoing is not the main function of
criminal law
(D) the costs inflicted on corporations by criminal
convictions are inappropriately high in most cases
(E) in most cases civil sanctions against a corporation do
not harm that corporation’s reputation
24. Which one of the following does the author of the passage
assert to be true?
(A) Civil liability is better able to assess appropriate levels
of damages.
(B) Employees are just as likely to be harmed by civil
sanctions against a corporation as by criminal
sanctions.
(C) Deterrence is the main aim of both criminal and civil
liability.
(D) Individuals within corporations are more easily
deterred from wrongdoing than are corporations
themselves.
(E) Private civil litigation against a corporation cannot
occur without an identifiable victim.
25. It can be inferred from the passage that those who support
the criminal prosecution of individuals within corporations
rather than the criminal prosecution of corporations believe
that
(A) shareholders generally do not have the power to
influence a corporation to refrain from wrongdoing
(B) corporate employees have incentive to refrain from
wrongdoing only if they are subject to individual
criminal prosecution
(C) it is more difficult to prosecute a corporation for
wrongdoing than it is to prosecute an individual
within that corporation
(D) it is unjust for the public to have to pay, through higher
product prices, the costs incurred by a corporation as
a result of criminal prosecution
(E) corporate wrongdoing rarely harms an identifiable
victim with the resources necessary to sue26. Suppose a corporation has for decades polluted a river on
which a major city is located with toxic waste known to
increase the incidence of certain forms of cancer. Which
one of the following scenarios would most closely conform
to the author’s views regarding how corporate wrongdoing
is most effectively addressed?
(A) In response to criminal prosecution of the corporation,
several of the corporation’s shareholders put pressure
on the corporation’s board of directors to ensure that
the corporation will dispose of waste in an
environmentally sound manner.
(B) In order to assist in civil litigation against the
corporation, the federal government moves to expand
the use of enforcement powers traditionally reserved
for criminal prosecution.
(C) The corporation’s largest shareholders are sued by
several residents of the city who suffer from a form of
cancer associated with the toxic waste dumped by the
corporation.
(D) The city prosecutes the corporation’s top executives
for violating several city ordinances when they
ordered the dumping of toxic waste into the river.
(E) The city government and several residents of the city
hold a press conference in which they attempt to
undermine the reputation of the corporation and
thereby pressure the corporation to change its
practices.
27. The author would be most likely to agree with which one of
the following statements?
(A) In many instances, corporations that are not deterred
by the threat of criminal sanctions would be deterred
by the threat of civil sanctions.
(B) The main function of civil liability is to punish harmful
acts in cases where no individual responsible for
corporate misdeeds can be identified.
(C) Currently, corporations are more often subject to civil
litigation than to criminal prosecution.
(D) Many people who criticize the use of criminal
sanctions to deter corporate wrongdoing believe that
such wrongdoing seldom causes harm to individuals.
(E) In a significant number of cases, corporations engage
in wrongdoing that does not harm anyone with
sufficient resources to sue.S T O P
IF YOU FINISH BEFORE TIME IS CALLED, YOU MAY CHECK YOUR WORK ON THIS SECTION ONLY.
DO NOT WORK ON ANY OTHER SECTION IN THE TEST.1 1 -11-
1

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SECTION II
Time—35 minutes
26 Questions
Directions: The questions in this section are based on the reasoning contained in brief statements or passages. For some questions,
more than one of the choices could conceivably answer the question. However, you are to choose the best answer; that is, the
response that most accurately and completely answers the question. You should not make assumptions that are by commonsense
standards implausible, superfluous, or incompatible with the passage. After you have chosen the best answer, blacken the
corresponding space on your answer sheet.1. Many people who simply enjoy listening to popular
music do not realize that it has been used to express
religious and political messages. After all, popular music
has repeatedly been adopted by social movements to
express their viewpoints, since it has the potential to
contribute to the "conversion" of nonmembers to the
movement's position, as well as to raise the morale and to
express the solidarity of the movement's participants.
Which one of the following most accurately expresses
the main conclusion of the argument?
(A) Popular music accounts for the success of social
movements.
(B) Popular music's entertainment value has been
overemphasized.
(C) Popular music is the most effective way of
converting people to social movements.
(D) Popular music has purposes other than mere
entertainment.
(E) Popular music has a profound emotional impact on
its listeners.2. Council president: Councilmember Smith has proposed a
new city ordinance prohibiting the use of the “bait-
and-switch” sales tactic. Smith must have amnesia.
Four years ago he owned an appliance store that
was famous for its use of bait-and-switch. Clearly,
Smith's proposed ordinance does not even merit
consideration.
The council president's reasoning is most vulnerable to
criticism on the grounds that the president
(A) dismisses the proposed ordinance because of its
source rather than because of its content
(B) takes a single fact that is incompatible with a claim
as enough to show that claim to be false
(C) fails to make a needed distinction between deceptive
sales tactics and legitimate methods of increasing
sales
(D) draws a conclusion that simply restates a claim
presented in support of that conclusion
(E) generalizes from a limited number of instances of a
certain kind to a instances of that kind
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Law School Admission Test

The Official LSAT PrepTest 90: (June 2020 LSAT) (2020)

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