StudyXY
RegisterLog in
Back to AI Flashcard MakerChemistry /A-level Chemistry: 3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Part 2

A-level Chemistry: 3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Part 2

Chemistry25 CardsCreated 2 months ago

These flashcards explain how transition metal compounds dissolve in water to form metal-aqua complex ions, how water molecules coordinate with metal ions, and why such solutions are acidic due to hydrolysis releasing H⁺ ions.

PrintEmbedImportReport

What are structural isomers?

Have same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/25

Key Terms

Term
Definition

What are structural isomers?

Have same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Name 3 types of structural isomers

  • Chain Isomers

  • Positional Isomers

  • Functional Group Isomers

What is a chain isomer?

  • Same molecular formula

  • Hydrocarbon chain is arranged differently

What is a positional isomer?

  • Compounds with same molecular formula

  • But different structures due to different positions of the same functional group on

What are functional group isomers?

  • Same molecular formula

  • Have the same atoms but have different functional groups

What are stereoisomers?

(Where 2 or more) compounds with the same structural formula but with atoms arranged differently in space

Log in to view all terms

Related Flashcard Decks

Chemistry

CSEC Chemistry: States of Matter and Particulate Theory

This deck covers the fundamental concepts of states of matter and the particulate theory, including diffusion, osmosis, and the characteristics of solids, liquids, and gases.

10 cards
View Deck
Chemistry

Understanding Redox Reactions

This deck covers the fundamental concepts of redox reactions, including definitions of oxidation and reduction, electron transfer, oxidation states, and how to write ionic and half equations.

10 cards
View Deck
Chemistry

Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Essentials

This deck covers key concepts from the Cambridge IGCSE Chemistry Coursebook, including states of matter, atomic structure, bonding, reactions, organic chemistry, and environmental chemistry.

50 cards
View Deck
Chemistry

Edexcel A Level Chemistry: Exam Questions

This flashcard set provides explanations for molecular shapes and trends in chemical behavior. It covers the geometry of phosphorus (III) chloride due to electron pair repulsion, the thermal stability of nitrates based on cation size and charge, and the increase in boiling points from chlorine to iodine due to stronger London dispersion forces.

8 cards
View Deck
Chemistry

Edexcel A Level Chemistry: 19: Modern Analytical Techniques II

This flashcard set explains the fundamental principles of mass spectrometry, including the formation of molecular ions, the meaning of m/z (mass-to-charge) values, and how high-resolution mass spectrometry provides precise molecular mass measurements.

46 cards
View Deck
Chemistry

Edexcel A Level Chemistry: 18: Organic Chemistry III

This flashcard set introduces aromatic and aliphatic compounds, highlighting the presence or absence of delocalised electrons in hydrocarbon rings. It also describes benzene as an arene and outlines its key physical properties.

89 cards
View Deck

Study Tips

  • Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
  • Review cards regularly to improve retention
  • Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
  • Share this deck with friends to study together
A-level Chemistry: 3.3.1 Introduction to Organic Chemistry Part 2
TermDefinition

What are structural isomers?

Have same molecular formula but different structural formulas

Name 3 types of structural isomers

  • Chain Isomers

  • Positional Isomers

  • Functional Group Isomers

What is a chain isomer?

  • Same molecular formula

  • Hydrocarbon chain is arranged differently

What is a positional isomer?

  • Compounds with same molecular formula

  • But different structures due to different positions of the same functional group on

  • The same carbon chain

What are functional group isomers?

  • Same molecular formula

  • Have the same atoms but have different functional groups

What are stereoisomers?

(Where 2 or more) compounds with the same structural formula but with atoms arranged differently in space

_____ show E/Z Isomerism

Alkenes

The atoms connected to the C=C double bonds _ rotate around them like they can around single bonds

Cannot

What causes the type of stereoisomerism called E/Z isomerism?

Restricted rotation around the (planar) C=C double bond

Explain how alkenes show E/Z isomerism

  1. Alkenes have restricted rotation around their C=C double bonds

  2. & if both of the double-bond carbons have different functional groups attached to them = get 2 stereoisomers (E/Z isomerism)

Where are the same groups situated in (cis) Z-isomer?

Either both above or both below double bond

(matching groups are on 'ze zame zide')

Where are the same groups situated in (trans) E-isomer?

What rules do we use to identify whether a molcule with a C=C bond, surrounded by 3 or 4 different functional groups, is a E- or Z- isomer?

Use the Cahn-Ingold-Prelog (CIP) priority rules

Describe how we use the CIP rules to identify a E-/Z-isomer

  1. Identify the groups directly bonded to each of the C=C carbon atoms

  2. Assign a priority by finding the atom with the highest atomic number - this given the highest priority

  3. If higher priority groups = same side of molecule = Z-isomer OR if higher priority groups = different sides of molecule = E-isomer

CIP rules: What do you do if the atoms directly bonded to carbon are the same?

Look at next atom in the groups to work out which has the higher priority

Why is the IUPAC system used for naming organic compounds?

It's the agreed international language of chemistry so it allows scientific ideas to be communicated across the globe more effectively

What are mechanisms?

Diagrams that break reactions down into individual stages

What reaction do mechanisms show?

How molecules react together

What do curly arrows show?

How electron pairs move around in reactions

As electrons are _____, they move from areas of high _ _____ to more _ ____ areas

As electrons are negatively charged = move from areas of high electron density to more positively charged areas

(e.g. pair of electrons = attracted to carbon atom at positive end of a polar bond)

Explain how free radicals form?

  1. Sometimes a covalent bond may break in such a way that 1 electron goes to each atom that originally formed the bond

  2. These fragments of original molecule have an unpaired electron = called free radicals

Free radicals are extremely ____

reactive

How are free radicals represented?

By a dot

| (e.g. CH3• = methyl radical)

What is the functional group of an ester?

-COO

State the name of CH3CH=CHCH2OH

But-2-en-1-ol