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A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 1 - Energy for Exercise

Biology47 CardsCreated 4 days ago

These flashcards cover fundamental concepts of cellular energy, including ATP as the primary energy source for muscular contraction, the role of the enzyme ATPase in ATP breakdown, and the definition of exothermic reactions that release energy. They provide a concise overview of how energy is produced and utilized in biological systems.

What is ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ?

a high-energy compound which is the only immediately available SOURCE OF ENERGY for MUSCULAR CONTRACTION

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What is ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ?

a high-energy compound which is the only immediately available SOURCE OF ENERGY for MUSCULAR CONTRACTION


What at ATPase ?

an ENZYME which catalyses the BREAKDOWN of ATP

What is an EXOTHERMIC REACTION ?

a reaction that releases energy

What is ADENSONE DIPHOSPHATE ?

a compound formed by the REMOVAL of a PHOSPHATE BOND from ATP

What is an ENDOTHERMIC REACTION ?

a chemical reaction which absorbs energy

What is CREATINE KINASE ?

an enzyme which catalyses the BREAKDOWN of PHOSPHOCREATINE

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TermDefinition

What is ADENOSINE TRIPHOSPHATE ?

a high-energy compound which is the only immediately available SOURCE OF ENERGY for MUSCULAR CONTRACTION


What at ATPase ?

an ENZYME which catalyses the BREAKDOWN of ATP

What is an EXOTHERMIC REACTION ?

a reaction that releases energy

What is ADENSONE DIPHOSPHATE ?

a compound formed by the REMOVAL of a PHOSPHATE BOND from ATP

What is an ENDOTHERMIC REACTION ?

a chemical reaction which absorbs energy

What is CREATINE KINASE ?

an enzyme which catalyses the BREAKDOWN of PHOSPHOCREATINE

What is a COUPLED REACTION ?

where the products of one reaction are used in another reaction

What are the 3 energy systems ?


  • ATP-PC system

  • glycolytic system

  • aerobic system

What is PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE (PFK)

an ENZYME which catalyses the BREAKDOWN of GLUCOSE (glycolysis)

What is the full name of the enzyme PFK ?

PHOSPHO - FRUCTO - KINASE

What is ANAEROBIC GLYCOLYSIS ?

the partial breakdown of glucose into PYRUVIC ACID

What is LACTATE DEHYGROGENASE (LDH) ?

an ENZYME which catalyses the CONVERSION of PYRUVIC ACID into LACTIC ACID

What is the full name of the enzyme LDH ?

LACTATE DE - HYDRO - GENASE

ATP-PC SYSTEM : TYPE OF REACTION

anaerobic

ATP-PC SYSTEM : SITE

sarcoplasm

ATP-PC SYSTEM : FOOD FUEL

phosphocreatine

ATP-PC SYSTEM : ENZYMES

creatine kinase

ATP-PC SYSTEM : ATP YIELD

1 : 1

ATP-PC SYSTEM : STAGES


PC –> P + C + energy (EXOTHERMIC)

energy + P + ADP (ENDOTHERMIC)

ATP-PC SYSTEM : BY-PRODUCTS

none

ATP-PC SYSTEM : INTENSITY

very high intensity

ATP-PC SYSTEM : DURATION

2 - 10 secs

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : TYPE OF REACTION

anaerobic

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : SITE

sarcoplasm

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : FOOD FUEL USED

glycogen / glucose

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : ENZYME

PFK and LDH

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : YIELD

1 : 2

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : STAGES

anaerobic glycolysis: glycogen -> glucose -> pyruvic acid + energy

lactate pathway: pyruvic acid -> lactic acid

energy + 2P + 2ADP -> 2ATP (ENDOTHERMIC)

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : BY-PRODUCTS

lactic acid

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : INTENSITY

high intensity

GLYCOLYTIC SYSTEM : DURATION

10s - 3min (peak at 1min)

What is the KREB'S CYCLE ?

the SECOND STAGE of the aerobic system producing energy to RESYNTHESISE 2 ATP in the MITOCHONDRIA MATRIX

What is the ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN (ETC) ?

the THIRD STAGE of the aerobic system producing energy to RESYNTHESISE 34 ATP in the MITOCHONDRIA CRISTAE

What is the ENERGY CONTINUUM ?

relative CONTRIBUTION of each energy system to overall EVERY PRODUCTION depending on INTENSITY and DURATION of the activity

PREDOMINANT ENERGY SYSTEM…
intensity = very high
duration = < 10 secs

ATP-PC system

PREDOMINANT ENERGY SYSTEM…
intensity = high
duration = 10s - 3min

Glycolytic system

PREDOMINANT ENERGY SYSTEM…
intensity = low-moderate
duration = > 3 mins

Aerobic system

What is INTERMITTENT EXERCISE ?

activity where the INTENSITY alternates either during…

  • interval training = work : relief intervals

  • game = breaks of play

What is a THRESHOLD ?

the point at which an athlete's PREDOMINANT energy production moves from one energy system to another

What are WORK : RELIEF PERIODS ?

the VOLUME of RELIEF in relation to the VOLUME of WORK PERFORMED

How do RECOVERY PERIODS affect thresholds ?

anaerobic activities = ATP-PC and Glycolytic = quickly replenished = breaks aid recovery (basketball)

How does FITNESS LEVEL affect thresholds ?

  • high VO2 Max

  • efficient cardiovascular

  • increases INTENSITY

  • increased BUFFERING CAPACITY

  • better LACTIC ACID removal

  • O2 arrival earlier

  • FFA demand is met

  • increases DURATION

What are the other factors that affect energy production ?

  • position of the player

  • tactics and strategies

  • level of competition

  • structure of the game

How does POSITION OF THE PLAYER affect energy systems ?

  • goalkeeper = aerobic

| - atp-pc for dives, kicks, defense

How do TACTICS AND STRATEGIES affect energy systems ?

  • man-man marking = increased intensity = anaerobic systems

How does LEVEL OF COMPETITION affect energy systems ?

  • tough competition = increased intensity = anaerobic systems

How does the STRUCTURE OF THE GAME affect energy systems ?

  • field games = large pitch = increased duration = decreased intensity = aerobic system