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A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 3 - Ethics and Deviance in Sport

Biology21 CardsCreated 4 days ago

These flashcards describe key performance-enhancing methods, including blood doping—a technique used to increase red blood cell count and oxygen-carrying capacity, commonly by endurance athletes—and anabolic steroids, which boost strength, aggression, and training capacity. They highlight how these methods aim to enhance performance, often through artificial physiological manipulation.

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What is BLOOD DOPING ?

  • increase in person’s RBC count

  • higher volume of HB

  • removal of 2 pints of blood

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What is BLOOD DOPING ?

  • increase in person’s RBC count

  • higher volume of HB

  • removal of 2 pints of blood

Who is blood doping most commonly used by ?

endurance athletes and cyclists

What are ANABOLIC STEROIDS ?

  • increased strength and aggression

- longer training


What are BETA BLOCKERS ?

control HR and keeps athlete calm

What are STIMULANTS ?

increase alertness

What are LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS ?


  • accepted by sport admin

  • increase sport performance

  • not to the extend of PEDs

  • long term eff...

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A-LEVEL PE (OCR): PAPER 3 - Ethics and Deviance in Sport
TermDefinition

What is BLOOD DOPING ?

  • increase in person’s RBC count

  • higher volume of HB

  • removal of 2 pints of blood

Who is blood doping most commonly used by ?

endurance athletes and cyclists

What are ANABOLIC STEROIDS ?

  • increased strength and aggression

- longer training


What are BETA BLOCKERS ?

control HR and keeps athlete calm

What are STIMULANTS ?

increase alertness

What are LEGAL SUPPLEMENTS ?


  • accepted by sport admin

  • increase sport performance

  • not to the extend of PEDs

  • long term effects unknown

Give example of legal supplements

vitimins, minerals, energy drinks

What are the ADVANTAGES of taking legal supplements ?

ENERGY DRINKS

  • electrolytes that promote hydration

  • contain carbs = extra energy

  • contain protein = promote recovery

  • increased health, strength, training etc

What are the DISADVANTAGES of taking legal supplements ?

  • contain traces of banned substances

  • may not contain what the label says

  • long term effect unknown (creatine = digestion problems)

  • high sugar content

  • bordering illegal

What are the REASONS athletes use PEDs ?


  • PRESSURE from coaches

  • coach feel pressure that their athletes succeed

  • POLITICAL pressure

  • monetary rewards

  • ‘everyone else is taking them’

What are the CONSEQUENCES of taking PEDs ?

  • concept of fair play damaged

  • success of others is questioned

  • health issues

  • sponsorship struggles

  • wider society has become corrupt

What are the STRATEGIES of stopping the use of PEDs ?

  • WADA = regular TESTING

  • during competition

  • winning team

  • top 3 performers

  • random selection

  • EDUCATION of coaches

  • PUNISHMENTS

What is VIOLENCE ?

INTENSE PHYSICAL FORCE that is directed towards harming another individual

What are the CAUSES of VIOLENCE in sport ? (inc. hooliganism)

  • DESIRE to win

  • ALCOHOL / drugs

  • rivalries (protecting their group - acting as agents)

  • MEDIA tension

  • poor OFFICIATING

  • diminished responsibility

What are the IMPLICATIONS of VIOLENCE in sport ?

  • sport influences society’s norms

e. g. 2010 World Cup = increases domestic violence

What are the STRATEGIES to prevent VIOLENCE ?


  • EDUCATION in to controlling emotions and impacts of their actions

  • PUNISHMENT - dealt with at the time of the event

  • effective OFFICIATING - recognising aggressive signals

  • coach / managers

  • LAW enforcement (hooliganism) = CCTV / policing

What is MATCH FIXING ?

outcome of a game is partly or fully PRE-DETERMINED and requires contact to be made between corrupt players

What is SPOT FIXING ?

SPECIFIC ASPECT of a competition is PRE-DETERMINED - football player being sent off at a specific time

Give an example of match fixing


  • 2000

  • South African Cricket Captain

  • took £68,000 for match information

Where did match fixing start ?


Asia

Where did gambling originate ?

Ancient Roman Empire