Aleks Placement Test: Chemistry Part 2

Metal looses the electron and nonmetal gains it; the farther apart they are on the table the more likely it's ionic

Atoms are sharing electrons; the closer the elements are the more likely it's covalent

Bond where electrons are shared unequally

Represent the valence electrons

Occurs between hydrogen and F, N, or O

Dipersion < Dipoles < Hydrogen

Found by summing the masses of the component atoms

Two or more compounds form to make one compound.

A complex molecule breaks down to make a simpler one.

Two solutions of soluble salts are mixed, resulting in an insoluble solid (precipitate) forming.

An acid and a base react with each other. Generally the product of this reaction is a salt and water.

Oxygen combines with a compound to form carbon dioxide and water. These reactions are exothermic, meaning they give off heat.

One element trades places with another element in the compound.

Any substance that contains only one kind of an atom

Elements combine to form chemical compounds

Metals often react with nonmetals to form ionic compounds. These compounds are composed of positive and negative ions formed by adding or subtracting electrons from neutral atoms and molecules.

Nonmetals combine with each other to form covalent compounds, which exist as neutral molecules.

The smallest particle that has any of the properties of a compound

Solids, liquids, gases, plasmas, and Bose-Einstein condensates

Ranges from 1 to 14, with 7 considered to be neutral.

*pH less than 7 is said to be acidic

*pH greater than 7 are basic or alkaline.

A substance that increases the hydrogen ion concentration of a solution.

A substance that decreases the hydrogen ion concentration in a solution.

contains only one component

has characteristic properties

contains many different components

does the composition of a compound ever change?

periods

groups

mass: 1

charge and mass of a proton

mass :1

charge and mass of a neutron

mass: 0

charge and mass of electron

more ______ you have, more _____ you need

number of protons =

total number of proton and neutrons in the nucleus =

groups with letter A

positive

negative

1 mole =

conversion to find moles

mole to mass conversion

shows the valence e- for an element

predicts preferred bonding patterns for many main group non metals

non metals

metals

2 or more atoms of the SAME element

2 or more DIFFERENT atoms

-covalently bonded

tetra

penta

hepta

how to find celsius

how to find kelvin

= farenheit

= celsius

-even electron distribution

-electrons are not shared equally

how to tell electronegativity?

> 0.4 means it is

what force exists between ALL particles?

occur between polar molecules

-weak attraction

-non polar and polar molecules

-stronger attraction

-only polar molecules

what must hydrogen be bonded to to be considered hydrogen bonding?

liquid --> gas =

gas --> liquid =

liquid --> solid

solid --> vapor

gas --> solid

strongest to weakest forces

the solubility of a gas in a liquid is proportional to the pressure of the gas above that liquid

exchange of gases between the lungs and the blood

Fe(2+) & Fe (3+)

Cu(+) & Cu (2+)

Co(2+) & Co(3+)

Mn(2+) & Mn(3+)

Sn(2+) & Sn(4+)

Pb(2+) & Pb(4+)

Ag(+)

NH4(+)

compounds are soluble

Zn(2+)

Cd(2+)

__O (-)

__O2 (-)

__O3 (-)

__O4 (-)

O2(2-)

OH(-)

insoluble

CO3(2-)

insoluble

CN(-)

SCN(-)

OCN(-)

NO2(-)

NO3(-)

compounds are soluble

SO3(2-)

SO4(2-)

most are soluble -> except Ba Hg Pb

S2O3(2-)

MnO4(-)

C2O4(2-)

CrO4(2-)

Cr2O7(2-)