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AP® Psychology Developmental Psychology Part 1

Advanced Placement25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts and debates in developmental psychology, including life-span perspectives, research methods, and cultural influences on development.

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The life-span perspective of developmental psychology defines it as what?

the study of changes in abilities, thoughts, and behaviors that occur as one ages
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
The life-span perspective of developmental psychology defines it as what?
the study of changes in abilities, thoughts, and behaviors that occur as one ages
What are three key debates in the field of developmental psychology?
1. nature vs. nurture 2. continuity vs. discontinuity 3. stability vs. change
Which pervasive debate in developmental psychology deals with the extent to which heredity and the environment each influence behavior?
nature vs. nurture debate
Stability vs. change, a controversy in developmental psychology, deals with what issue?
whether or not personality traits present during infancy endure throughout the lifespan
Which theorist is credited with successfully championing the view that development occurs across an entire lifetime?
Erik Erikson
What is the difference between life-span psychologists and child psychologists?
both study development, but child psychologists focus on the earlier portion of the life-span
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AP® Psychology Developmental Psychology Part 1
TermDefinition
The life-span perspective of developmental psychology defines it as what?
the study of changes in abilities, thoughts, and behaviors that occur as one ages
What are three key debates in the field of developmental psychology?
1. nature vs. nurture 2. continuity vs. discontinuity 3. stability vs. change
Which pervasive debate in developmental psychology deals with the extent to which heredity and the environment each influence behavior?
nature vs. nurture debate
Stability vs. change, a controversy in developmental psychology, deals with what issue?
whether or not personality traits present during infancy endure throughout the lifespan
Which theorist is credited with successfully championing the view that development occurs across an entire lifetime?
Erik Erikson
What is the difference between life-span psychologists and child psychologists?
both study development, but child psychologists focus on the earlier portion of the life-span
What is defined as the typical sequence of developmental changes for a group of people?
normative development
What research method is most often used in normative development?
cross-sectional method
Describe the cross-sectional method.
this method compares groups of people of different ages on similar tasks
What is one shortcoming of the cross-sectional method?
data collected reveals little about the actual development of any single individual
Describe the longitudinal method.
involves following a small group of people over a long portion of their lives, assessing change at set intervals
What are two shortcomings of the longitudinal method?
1. difficult to conduct due to attrition of participants 2. expensive to conduct
What is a benefit of the longitudinal method?
the study of individuals over time rules out the differences between subjects that other studies include
Describe the cohort effect.
when there are differences in the experiences of each age group as a result of growing up in different historical times
In which study method are cross-sectional groups assessed at least two times over a span of months or years?
cohort-sequential studies
What is maturation?
biological readiness
Maturationists emphasize which of the following? • conceptualizing different learning cues and incorporating them into future interactions • genetically programmed growth and development of the body • learning through various social interactions over the life-time
genetically programmed growth and development of the body
From the maturation perspective of development, what is the benefit of greater preprogrammed physiological development of the brain?
more complex conceptualization and reasoning
Locke proposed the idea of __________, which states that all development is the direct result of learning; the organism develops more complex behaviors and cognition because it acquires more associations.
tabula rasa
True or false: Continuous development is gradual.
TRUE One example of continuous development is social skill building.
One example of stage-oriented, or __________, learning is experiencing a growth spurt.
discontinuous
The time during which a skill or ability must develop is referred to as the __________.
critical period
What are the two divisions of culture in developmental psychology?
1. collectivist 2. indivualist
Which type of culture promotes personal needs above the needs of the society?
individualist Western cultures are typically viewed as individualist cultures.
What do collectivist cultures emphasize?
the needs of society, which are placed before the needs of the individual; Many Asian cultures are considered collectivist cultures.