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AP® Psychology Developmental Psychology Part 4

Advanced Placement25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts from Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, attachment theory, parenting styles, and theories of moral development and grief.

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What are the eight stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?

1. trust vs. mistrust 2. autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3. initiative vs. guilt 4. industry vs. inferiority 5. identity vs. role confusion 6. intimacy vs. isolation 7. generativity vs. stagnation 8. integrity vs. despair
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are the eight stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
1. trust vs. mistrust 2. autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3. initiative vs. guilt 4. industry vs. inferiority 5. identity vs. role confusion 6. intimacy v...
Name and describe the first stage in Erikson's psychosocial stage theory.
trust vs. mistrust During this time, babies learn whether they can trust their environment and their caregivers to provide them with the things they n...
Which of Erikson's stages is marked by potty training and temper tantrums?
autonomy vs. shame and doubt This is the stage when children begin asserting their control over their bodies and behaviors.
If your little brother asks, 'why?' about everything you do, which of Erikson's stages is he likely in?
initiative vs. guilt This is the stage where children try to understand the world around them, and asking questions helps them solve problems.
What psychosocial stage begins in first grade, and is characterized by children comparing themselves to others more regularly than before (meaning they need more positive reinforcement)?
industry vs. inferiority
The successful resolution of which one of Erikson's stages results in fidelity, or truthfulness to oneself?
identity vs. role confusion
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AP® Psychology Developmental Psychology Part 4
TermDefinition
What are the eight stages of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development?
1. trust vs. mistrust 2. autonomy vs. shame and doubt 3. initiative vs. guilt 4. industry vs. inferiority 5. identity vs. role confusion 6. intimacy vs. isolation 7. generativity vs. stagnation 8. integrity vs. despair
Name and describe the first stage in Erikson's psychosocial stage theory.
trust vs. mistrust During this time, babies learn whether they can trust their environment and their caregivers to provide them with the things they need for survival.
Which of Erikson's stages is marked by potty training and temper tantrums?
autonomy vs. shame and doubt This is the stage when children begin asserting their control over their bodies and behaviors.
If your little brother asks, 'why?' about everything you do, which of Erikson's stages is he likely in?
initiative vs. guilt This is the stage where children try to understand the world around them, and asking questions helps them solve problems.
What psychosocial stage begins in first grade, and is characterized by children comparing themselves to others more regularly than before (meaning they need more positive reinforcement)?
industry vs. inferiority
The successful resolution of which one of Erikson's stages results in fidelity, or truthfulness to oneself?
identity vs. role confusion
From around 21-40 years of age, we attempt to find and navigate meaningful relationships. What stage is this?
intimacy vs. isolation
The drive to be productive in one's career and at home, and to leave our 'mark' on the world is __________. While 'solving' this can induce feelings of accomplishment, failure to resolve the stage can produce feelings of isolation or __________.
generativity; stagnation
Which stage occurs during old age and involves coming to terms with successes and failures?
integrity vs. despair
Which 1950s researcher was able to demonstrate that rhesus monkeys need comfort and security just as much as food?
Harry Harlow
John Bowlby is considered to be the father of what theory?
attachment theory
Describe the idea of self-referencing.
Self-referencing is to observe the behavior of others in social situations to obtain information or guidance.
What tendency is defined as the preference of specific familiar individuals over others?
attachment
Mary Ainsworth studied infant attachment using the 'strange situation.' What is the 'strange situation'?
the parent or primary guardian leaves a child with a stranger and then returns, observing behavior in absentia. This allows researchers to see the infant's style of attachment.
According to Mary Ainsworth, there are three types of infant attachment patterns. What are they?
1. secure 2. anxious/ambivalent 3. avoidant There is also a 'disorganized' type of attachment, in which the child behaves erratically.
This type of attachment, in which the child uses the parent for support, is the most common. What is it?
secure attachment
What behaviors are consistent with anxiously/ambivalently attached babies in the strange situation experiment?
These babies often show signs of distress when parents leave the room, but resist or refuse comforting from them when they return.
During the strange situation experiment, how do children with avoidant attachment behave?
Avoidant children are unafraid of their environments and will explore while their parents are out of the room. When the parents return, avoidant children will not seek comfort.
Name the three types of parenting styles.
1. authoritarian 2. authoritative 3. permissive
If a child is routinely spanked for disobedience and lacks curiosity and decision-making capabilities, what parenting style do her parents most likely identify with?
authoritarian
What discipline patterns would you find consistent with authoritative parenting?
rules that are consistently but fairly enforced behavioral standards that are clearly set but encourage a degree of independence from the child; Children of authoritative parents are typically more emotionally controlled and trusting than those from other parenting styles.
What style of parenting is consistent with a lack of defined rules or rules that are inconsistently enforced?
permissive parenting
Elisabeth Kubler-Ross pioneered a theory of social development about the stages of death and dying in which she identified stages of grief. What are the stages?
1. denial 2. anger 3. bargaining 4. depression 5. acceptance
True or false: the stages of death and dying defined by Elisabeth Kubler-Ross are in a strict order and must be experienced one after another.
FALSE These stages are not necessarily ordered.
Level one of Kohlberg's theory of moral development occurs between ages 7 and 10 and is identified by what two-stage system of moral judgment?
preconventional morality