Back to AI Flashcard MakerAdvanced Placement /AP® Psychology Developmental Psychology Part 5
AP® Psychology Developmental Psychology Part 5
This deck covers key concepts in developmental psychology, focusing on Kohlberg's stages of moral development, Freud's psychosexual stages, gender identity theories, and puberty-related changes.
What is the difference between stage one and stage two of Kohlberg's stages of preconventional morality?
In stage one, children make judgments motivated by fear, whereas in stage two they make judgments by evaluating benefits.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is the difference between stage one and stage two of Kohlberg's stages of preconventional morality?
In stage one, children make judgments motivated by fear, whereas in stage two they make judgments by evaluating benefits.
Kohlberg's level two of moral development is characterized by the utilization of __________ , or the internalization of society's rules and morals.
conventional morality
In Kohlberg's third level of moral development, which occurs from around age 16 on, the individual adheres to postconventional morality, which is characterized by what?
the development of an internal set of values that may generate occasional conflict with societal values
What is a major shortcoming of Kohlberg's theory of moral development?
Kohlberg's theory is inadequate for describing the moral development of people who live in non-Western cultures.
Carol Gilligan revised Kohlberg's theory in order to place emphasis on the development of __________ as central to moral progress.
caring relationships
Psychosexual development involves what two factors?
1. awareness of one's own sexuality 2. identification of the self with a particular gender
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the difference between stage one and stage two of Kohlberg's stages of preconventional morality? | In stage one, children make judgments motivated by fear, whereas in stage two they make judgments by evaluating benefits. |
Kohlberg's level two of moral development is characterized by the utilization of __________ , or the internalization of society's rules and morals. | conventional morality |
In Kohlberg's third level of moral development, which occurs from around age 16 on, the individual adheres to postconventional morality, which is characterized by what? | the development of an internal set of values that may generate occasional conflict with societal values |
What is a major shortcoming of Kohlberg's theory of moral development? | Kohlberg's theory is inadequate for describing the moral development of people who live in non-Western cultures. |
Carol Gilligan revised Kohlberg's theory in order to place emphasis on the development of __________ as central to moral progress. | caring relationships |
Psychosexual development involves what two factors? | 1. awareness of one's own sexuality 2. identification of the self with a particular gender |
Between ages two and seven, children acknowledge sex-related roles, or __________. At this time, they also come to learn about __________, the idea that gender is a fixed and unchangeable characteristic. | gender typing; gender constancy |
The biological perspective attributes sex differences to __________. | heredity |
According to the psychoanalytic perspective, when do children learn their gender roles? | Children learn to identify with their same-sex parent as a result of resolving either the electra or oedipal complex. |
Which perspective postulates that children acquire their gender identity through the observation and imitation of significant role models, like parents? | behavioral perspective |
Which perspective sees gender differences as our behavioral tendencies that prepare us to survive and reproduce? | evolutionary perspective |
According to the __________ perspective, children actively engage in making meaning out of information they learn about gender. | cognitive |
Which theory proposes that children form a schema of gender that filters their perceptions of the world according to what is appropriate for males and females? | gender schema theory |
Under what circumstances does androgyny normally occur? | when children blur the lines between stereotypical male and female roles in society |
Name the five stages of Freud's theory of psychosexual development? | 1. oral 2. anal 3. phallic 4. latency 5. genital |
According to Freud, inadequate resolution of any psychosexual stage that prevents an individual from progressing, is known as __________. | fixation |
If a baby puts everything in his mouth that he comes into contact with, which psychosexual stage would Freud argue he is in? | oral stage |
Which psychosexual stage is associated with toilet training, and represents a child's learning to control bodily functions? | anal stage |
According to Freud, this stage of psychosexual development is characterized by the experiencing the oedipus complex in boys, and the electra complex in girls. | phallic stage |
What psychosexual stage is considered a period of calm that does not create new psychosexual anxiety? | latency stage |
What is the final psychosexual stage of development, according to Freud? | The final stage is the genital stage, which is marked by finding pleasure through sexual focus on the genital regions. |
The Oedipal complex, in which the male child exhibits sexual desire for the mother, is a result of fixation at which stage of Freud's psychosexual development? | phallic stage; In girls, this is called the Electra complex. |
True or false: Bandura believed that sexual roles are acquired through social or vicarious learning so that each successive generation provides the model for the following generation. | TRUE |
Puberty is a sexual maturation, marked by the onset of what ability? | the ability to reproduce |
Emerging during puberty, __________ , such as the growth of reproductive organs, develop. | primary sex characteristics |
In women, widening of the hips and breast development, would be two features of __________. | secondary sex characteristics |