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AP® Psychology Personality Part 5

Advanced Placement28 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts in personality psychology, including assessment tools, self-understanding, temperament, and various psychological theories.

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What makes it difficult to assess someone on a humanistic level?

The personal nature of the self makes it impossible for a test or assessment tool to measure the levels at which someone is being true to his 'real' self.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What makes it difficult to assess someone on a humanistic level?
The personal nature of the self makes it impossible for a test or assessment tool to measure the levels at which someone is being true to his 'real' s...
Name three assessment tools used by trait theorists.
1. Eysenck Personality Inventory 2. 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire 3. MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
a flaw in naturalistic observational studies; when people know that they are being observed, they change their behavior to what they think the observe...
What is the difference between self-concept and self-esteem?
Self-concept refers to how we view ourselves; self-esteem refers to how much we value ourselves
What are the two parts of self-understanding?
1. me 2. I
What four components characterize the 'me' of self-understanding?
1. physical self 2. active self 3. social self 4. psychological self
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AP® Psychology Personality Part 5
TermDefinition
What makes it difficult to assess someone on a humanistic level?
The personal nature of the self makes it impossible for a test or assessment tool to measure the levels at which someone is being true to his 'real' self.
Name three assessment tools used by trait theorists.
1. Eysenck Personality Inventory 2. 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire 3. MMPI-2 (Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory)
What is the Hawthorne Effect?
a flaw in naturalistic observational studies; when people know that they are being observed, they change their behavior to what they think the observer expects, or to present themselves well
What is the difference between self-concept and self-esteem?
Self-concept refers to how we view ourselves; self-esteem refers to how much we value ourselves
What are the two parts of self-understanding?
1. me 2. I
What four components characterize the 'me' of self-understanding?
1. physical self 2. active self 3. social self 4. psychological self
What two factors comprise the physical self in self-understanding?
1. body 2. name
Under what sector of 'me', in self-understanding, would one find behaviors?
the active self
What does the social self, found in the 'me' of self-understanding, describe?
how we interact with others
What sector of the 'me' in self-understanding is comprised of our feelings and personalities?
the psychological self
What is the role of the 'I' in self-understanding, and what is it responsible for?
The 'I' is the self-knower, and is responsible for the coordination and interpretation of the four parts of the 'me.'
What allows us to reflect on ourselves and have a self-concept?
the 'I' in self-understanding
What is the halo effect?
the error by which we generalize a high self-evaluation from one domain to another
What are the eleven domains of competency within which we evaluate ourselves?
1. morality 2. sociability 3. intimacy 4. athleticism 5. intelligence 6. sense of humor 7. nurturance 8. job competence 9. adequacy as a provider 10. physical appearance 11. household management
What are two side effects of low self-esteem?
1. reluctance to try new tasks 2. reluctance to persist at tasks already started
If I were to take pride in the accomplishments of an individual with whom I strongly affiliate, what theory would I be engaging in?
basking in reflective glory
What is the early-appearing set of individual differences in reaction and regulation?
temperament
William Sheldon's somatotype theory claims that certain personality traits are associated with each of three body types. What are they?
1. endodorph (fat) 2. mesomorph (muscular) 3. ectomorph (thin)
The theory of triadic reciprocality, proposed by Al Bandura, is based off of what idea?
that each factor of personality (traits, environment, behavior) influences the others in a constant and loop-like fashion
Used primarily by psychoanalysts, __________ present ambiguous stimuli (i.e. inkblots) with the assumption that test takers will project their unconscious thoughts onto the stimuli.
projective personality tests
What three factors must be present in order for a trait to be considered part of temperament?
1. early-appearing 2. stable 3. constitutionally-based
Mary Rothbart assessed temperament on three scales: __________, __________, and__________.
1. surgency 2. negative affect 3. effortful control
Andrew is a straight-A student who needs to be in charge of all his group projects and gets angry at his group members when they aren't chipping in. Ike is more go-with-the-flow and isn't easily angered. Which has the type A personality and which has the type B personality?
Andrew has the type A personality Ike has the type B personality
What are the defining characteristics of stage theories?
Stage theories believe people develop in stages, or steps, in the same order, and one stage can be distinguished from all other stages.
What are the stages of Freud's psychosexual stage theory?
1. oral stage (birth to one year) 2. anal stage (one to three years) 3. phallic stage (three to five years) 4. latency stage (six years to puberty) 5. genital stage (puberty onward) For more information, see the Developmental Psychology cards.
What assessment technique attempts to ensure consistency in test results?
reliability
What does validity measure?
accuracy; assesses whether or not the test measures what it is supposed to measure
What research effect observes that individuals will claim general descriptions of their personality (that can apply to a wide range of people) are highly accurate?
Barnum effect