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AP® Psychology Testing and Individual Differences Part 2

Advanced Placement25 CardsCreated about 1 month ago

This deck covers key concepts in psychological testing and individual differences, including types of tests, intelligence measurement, and ethical considerations.

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Define and give an example of: observational test

test taker is assessed on specific behavior or performance Example: job interview
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Define and give an example of: observational test
test taker is assessed on specific behavior or performance Example: job interview
Define and give an example of: self-report test
test taker describes his or her own beliefs, attitudes, feelings, or physical state Example: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) and ...
Define and give an example of: ability test
examines performance on cognitively demanding tasks, including scholastic performance includes aptitude and achievement tests Examples: SATs and AP ex...
What is the difference between an aptitude test and an achievement test?
An aptitude test, such as the SAT, predicts a person's future performance or his/her capacity to learn; An achievement test, such as the AP Psych exam...
Define and give an example of: interest test
uses a person's likes and dislikes to predict future life satisfaction Example: Strong-Cambell Interest Inventory and other career tests
Define and give an example of: personality test
aims to reveal a consistency in behavior over a wide range of situations Examples: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), Myers-Briggs ...
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AP® Psychology Testing and Individual Differences Part 2
TermDefinition
Define and give an example of: observational test
test taker is assessed on specific behavior or performance Example: job interview
Define and give an example of: self-report test
test taker describes his or her own beliefs, attitudes, feelings, or physical state Example: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2) and other personality tests
Define and give an example of: ability test
examines performance on cognitively demanding tasks, including scholastic performance includes aptitude and achievement tests Examples: SATs and AP exams
What is the difference between an aptitude test and an achievement test?
An aptitude test, such as the SAT, predicts a person's future performance or his/her capacity to learn; An achievement test, such as the AP Psych exam, assesses what a person has already learned
Define and give an example of: interest test
uses a person's likes and dislikes to predict future life satisfaction Example: Strong-Cambell Interest Inventory and other career tests
Define and give an example of: personality test
aims to reveal a consistency in behavior over a wide range of situations Examples: Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI-2), Myers-Briggs Type Indicator, Rorschach Inkblot, and Big Five Factor Inventory
What is the difference between a group test and an individual test?
Group tests: given to many people at once by one instructor; cheaper and more objective; AP Psych exam is an example; Individual tests: require interaction between one test taker and the examiner; expensive and subjective; Stanford-Binet Intelligence Test is an example
What are the purposes of ethical standards in testing?
promote best interest of client; guard against misuse or malpractice; monitor test purpose and use of results; respect client's confidentiality and dignity
What are culture-relevant tests?
test skills and knowledge related to the specific cultural experiences of the test takers
What is the operational definition of intelligence?
an individual's capacity to act purposefully, think rationally, and deal effectively with the environment
When is a construct reified?
Reification occurs when a construct, such as intelligence, is treated as if it were a concrete, tangible object.
What was Francis Galton's contribution to intelligence testing?
used psychomotor tasks to determine intelligence; people with high physical ability are more likely to survive, therefore more intelligent; based work off his cousin, Charles Darwin
Define: mental age
age at which typical children give same response to test questions; based on Alfred Binet's idea that knowledge becomes more sophisticated as people get older
The Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale was developed by __________.
Lewis Terman
How does the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale measure someone's intelligent quotient (IQ)?
IQ = MA/CA * 100; MA = mental age; CA = chronological age
What are the five ability areas measured both verbally and nonverbally by the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?
1. knowledge 2. fluid reasoning 3. working memory 4. visual-spatial processing 5. quantitative reasoning
What are the three types of Wechsler intelligence scales?
1. Wechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligence (W.P.P.S.I.) 2. Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (W.I.S.C.) 3. Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (W.A.I.S.)
What are the two types of scores on the Wechsler intelligence scales?
1. verbal score (vocabulary, comprehension, arithmetic) 2. performance score (picture arrangement, object assembly, block design)
How do the Wechsler scales determine intelligent quotients (IQ)?
intelligence has a bell curve distribution; how spread out the scores are from mean of 100
What are the most prominant IQ levels on the Wechsler scale?
under 70 = cognitively disabled; 80-115 = normal; above 130 = gifted; About 68% of the population falls in the normal range.
When are the Wechsler intelligence scales more appropriate to use than the Stanford-Binet?
Wechsler scales are key in identifying extreme levels of intelligence, including mental retardation and giftedness; The difference between Wechsler's verbal and performance scores is helpful in identifying learning disabilities
An appropriate synonym for "mentally retarded" is __________.
cognitively disabled
What are the four levels of mental retardation based on IQ scores?
under 20 = Profound; 20-34 = Severe; 35-49 = Moderate; 50-70 = Mild; About 85% of cognitively disabled individuals are considered mild.
Explain the differences between mild, moderate, severe, and profound mental retardation.
mild: self-care, 6th grade education, hold job, live independently, social skills; moderate: self-care, 2nd grade education, menial job, function in group home; severe: limited language, requires care, no social skills; profound: requires complete care
A specific type of deinstitutionalization, known as __________, moved the cognitively disabled out of hospitals and into group or family homes.
normalization