What is a skill ?
an ability learnt through practice
Key Terms
What is a skill ?
an ability learnt through practice
What is an ability ?
a person’s set of characteristics that affect their potential to learn a skill
What are the 3 stages of learning ?
cognitive stage = just started learning (beginner)
associative stage = learnt the techniques and focusing on improving them
autonomous ...
What are the different types of skill e.g. open/closed ?
open / closed
basic / complex
low / high organisation
self / externally paced
gross / fine
What are open / closed skills ?
open = changing environment, have to adapt based on external factors
closed = not affected by external factors
What are basic / complex skills ?
basic = doesn’t require much concentration (running)
complex = lots of concentration (volley in football)
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is a skill ? | an ability learnt through practice |
What is an ability ? | a person’s set of characteristics that affect their potential to learn a skill |
What are the 3 stages of learning ? | cognitive stage = just started learning (beginner) associative stage = learnt the techniques and focusing on improving them autonomous stage = experienced at skill and can almost do it automatically |
What are the different types of skill e.g. open/closed ? | open / closed basic / complex low / high organisation self / externally paced gross / fine |
What are open / closed skills ? | open = changing environment, have to adapt based on external factors closed = not affected by external factors |
What are basic / complex skills ? | basic = doesn’t require much concentration (running) complex = lots of concentration (volley in football) |
What are low / high organisation skills ? | low = easily broken down into steps (front crawl) high = can’t be broken down (cartwheel) |
What are self / externally paced skills ? | self = performer decides when to start external = starts because of external factors |
What are gross / fine skills ? | gross = involves power and large muscle groups (long jump) fine = involves smaller muscle groups and accuracy (darts) |
What are the 6 different types of practice ? | massed distributed fixed variable whole part |
What is massed practice ? | practicing without a break - works best on beginners |
What is distributed practice ? | practicing with breaks for rest - works well for complex skills due to the difficulty |
What is fixed practice ? | repeating the same technique in one situation - useful for closed skills |
What is variable practice ? | repeating technique in different situations - useful for open skills |
What is whole practice ? | practicing the whole technique in one go - good for basic skills |
What is part practice ? | breaking the skill down and practicing each part separately |
Why do people goal set ? | gives you something to aim for - reaching goals give you confidence |
What are performance goals ? | improving your own personal performance |
What are outcome goals ? | performing better than other people e.g. winning |
What are performance goals usually better ? | more realistic (for beginners) - you can control the outcome goal e.g. jump 5cm further |
What is used to help goal set ? | Specific - target and training plan Measurable - how much progress has been made Accepted / achievable - agreed with coach Realistic - you can reach them, physically able, resources, time, facilities Time-bound - set a deadline for your goal, keeps you motivated |
What are the advantages and disadvantages of VERBAL guidance ? | Advantages combined with other type of guidance helpful for experienced learns (technical lang.) can be given during demonstration Disadvantages less useful for high organisation and complex skills confusing to beginners |
What are the advantages and disadvantages of VISUAL guidance ? | Advantages good for beginners (can copy skill) can teach low organisation skills Disadvantages - bad for high organisation and complex skills |
What are the advantages and disadvantages of MANUAL guidance ? | Advantages get the ‘feel’ works for all skill levels Disadvantages performers begin to rely on it difficult in big groups |
What are the advantages and disadvantages of MECHANICAL guidance ? | Advantages useful for beginners because they feel safe when practicing dangerous skills good for high organisation and complex skills Disadvantages may not be able to perform skills without equipment difficult in larger groups |
What are the types of feedback ? | intrinsic extrinsic concurrent terminal positive negative |
What is intrinsic feedback ? | what it 'feels' like - best for experienced performers - they can judge whether they've done well |
What is extrinsic feedback ? | someone else tells you how you've done - suited to beginners |
What is concurrent feedback ? | received during a performance |
What is terminal feedback ? | received after a performance |
What are the types of knowledge ? | knowledge of performance - did you use the correct movements / techniques - can be intrinsic or extrinsic knowledge of results - what was the outcome - usually extrinsic - can include data |
What are the stages of the information processing model ? | 1 ) Input - receive info from the environment 2 ) Decision making - deciding how to respond - combination of long and short term memory 3 ) Output - performing the skill 4 ) Feedback - what you receive after the skill which helps with the next time you do it |
How do you control arousal levels ? | deep breathing self talk mental imagery |
What are the types of motivation ? | intrinsic motivation motivation from the enjoyment e.g. pride, self-esteem extrinsic motivation motivation through rewards e.g. money, trophies intrinsic is more effective |
What are the types of aggression ? | direct physical contact e.g. rugby scrum indirect gaining advantage through non physical contact e.g. hitting an opponent in a shuttle |
What are introverts ? | prefer solo sports fine skills, high concentration, low arousal quiet shy archery, snooker, athletics |
What are extroverts ? | get bored when alone prefer team sports fast paced sports gross skills, low concentration hockey, rugby, football |