Basic Chemistry

substance that CANNOT be chemically broken down into simpler substances

smallest part of an element that can be identified as that element

center, or core, of an atom (where the protons and neutrons are located)

particle that has a positive charge - located in the nucleus of an atom. You can figure out the number of protons by looking at the atomic number of an element.

particle that has no charge - located in the nucleus of an atom. You can figure out the number of neutrons by SUBTRACTING the atomic Mass minus the atomic number.

particle that has a negative charge - located in rings outside the nucleus of an atom. You can figure out the number of electrons by looking at the atomic number of an element.

number of protons in the nucleus of an atom. This is the same number as the number of electrons

total mass of the protons and neutrons in an atom

place in an electron cloud where an electron is most likely to be found - rings. Remember, 2-8-18-32.

element that has the property of shiny luster, ductility, and malleability

the way a material reflects light

able to be hammered into different shapes

able to be drawn into thin wires

element that lacks most of the properties of a metal, is not shiny, does not conduct electricity or heat well, is not malleable so it is called brittle or breakable.

elements that make up Group 17 in the periodic table

elements that make up Group 18 in the periodic table

anything that has mass and takes up space

characteristics used to describe an object

any of the four physical forms of matter

state of matter with a definite shape and volume

state of matter with a definite volume but no definite shape

state of matter that has no definite shape or volume

state of matter made up of electrically charged particles - needs high temperatures and high pressure

way of writing the name of a compound using chemical symbols

number written to the lower right of a chemical symbol in a chemical formula

statement in which chemical formulas are used to describe a chemical reaction

number that shows how many molecules of a substance are involved in a chemical reaction

process in which new substances with new chemical and physical properties are formed

substance that is changed in a chemical reaction

substance that is formed in a chemical reaction

smallest part of a substance that has all the properties of that substance - more than one element, like hydrogen and oxygen make water

force of attraction that holds atoms together

change from a liquid to a solid

change from a solid to a liquid

change from a liquid to a gas at the surface of the liquid

change from a gas to a liquid

change from a solid directly to a gas

change that does not produce new substances - melting an ice cube or ripping paper. You can get the ice back and the paper is still paper.

change that produces new substances - burning wood to make ashes or mixing mentos and coke. You can't get the wood or the mentos back.