Chapter 4: Basic Food Chemistry: The Nature of Matter
This flashcard set introduces essential chemistry concepts, including atomic structure, elements, compounds, bonding, and the periodic table. It’s designed to build a strong foundational understanding for students beginning their chemistry studies.
Define chemistry.
The study of matter
Key Terms
Define chemistry.
The study of matter
Name the three subatomic particles, their charges, and their location.
Proton (+), nucleus
Neutron, nucleus
Electron (-), in orbitals around the nucleus
Define an element.
A substance that contains only one kind of atom.
Differentiate the atomic number and the atomic mass.
Atomic number: number of protons
Atomic mass: sum of protons + neutrons
What will elements on the same column experience? Why?
Similar properties because they contain the same amount of electrons on their outer shell
Define a compound.
Substance in which 2 or more elements chemically combine.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Define chemistry. | The study of matter |
Name the three subatomic particles, their charges, and their location. |
|
Define an element. | A substance that contains only one kind of atom. |
Differentiate the atomic number and the atomic mass. | Atomic number: number of protons Atomic mass: sum of protons + neutrons |
What will elements on the same column experience? Why? | Similar properties because they contain the same amount of electrons on their outer shell |
Define a compound. | Substance in which 2 or more elements chemically combine. |
What’s a basic unit of a compound? | Molecule |
What are the roles of structural formulas? | To show how atoms connect to a carbon |
Up to how many shells can atoms have? | 7 |
When are atoms most stable? | When their outer shell is full of electrons (8) |
What will happen if an atom isn’t stable? | Share or transfer electrons from another atom |
Define ionic bonds. | When electrons are transferred from one atom to another. |
What’s a cation? Anion? | Cation: + ion |
Define covalent bonds. | When atoms share one or more pairs of electrons. |
How many electrons can the first atomic shell hold? | 2 e- |
How many electrons can the other atomic shells hold? | 8 e- |
Define pure matter. | Matter in which all the basic unis are the same. |
Define organic and inorganic compounds. | Organic: containing C |
Define physical changes. | Changing shape, size, temp, and/or physical state (phase changes!) |
Define chemical changes. | New substances with different chemical and physical properties are formed; produces a change in color, odor, flavour, or releases a gas. |
Name the 2 types of pure substances. | Compounds and Elements |
Name the 2 types of mixtures. | Homogenous mixtures and Heterogenous mixtures |
Define homogeneous mixtures. | Uniform distribution of particles throughout the sample. |
Define heterogeneous mixtures. | Nonuniform distribution of particles throughout the sample. |