Chemistry: 1.2 Amounts of Substance Part 2
This flashcard set introduces stoichiometry and volumetric analysis, explaining how balanced equations help determine mole ratios in reactions. It also outlines how titration techniques are used to calculate unknown concentrations using a standard solution.
what does stoichiometry tell you
the relative number of moles of reactant and products involved in a reaction
Key Terms
what does stoichiometry tell you
the relative number of moles of reactant and products involved in a reaction
what is stoichiometry found from
the balanced equation
what is volumetric analysis used for
to find the volume of one solution which is needed to react with a measured volume of another solution
what can the results of volumetric analysis be used to find
the unknown concentration of one of the solutions
what is the solution with the known concentration called
the standard solution
the 4 steps to making a standard solution:
dissolve known mass of solid in de-ionised water
using a funnel, transfer into a volume...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
what does stoichiometry tell you | the relative number of moles of reactant and products involved in a reaction |
what is stoichiometry found from | the balanced equation |
what is volumetric analysis used for | to find the volume of one solution which is needed to react with a measured volume of another solution |
what can the results of volumetric analysis be used to find | the unknown concentration of one of the solutions |
what is the solution with the known concentration called | the standard solution |
the 4 steps to making a standard solution: | dissolve known mass of solid in de-ionised water using a funnel, transfer into a volumetric flask; include washings make up to the graduated line by carefully adding de-ionised water, making sure the meniscus sits on the line stopper the flask and invert to mix the contents thoroughly |
how to find the concentration of a solution of base | fill a burette with a known concentration of the acid pipette a known volume of base into a conical flask add a few drops of indicator to the base in the flask add the solution of the acid from the burette until the indicator just changes colour- known as end point record volume of acid added to nearest 0.05cm cubed calculate the mean titre from concordant titres to 2 d.p. |
what colour is methyl orange in acid | red |
what colour is methyl orange in base | yellow |
what is methyl orange’s end point colour | orange |
what colour is phenolphthalein in acid | colourless |
what colour is phenolphthalein in base | pink |
what is phenolphthalein’s end point colour | colourless |
What are acid base titration calculations used for | To find the concentration of a solution of the volume of solution which reacts |
What is a hydrated salt | A salt which contains water |
What happens when hydrated salts are heated | The water is driven off and the compound is said to be anhydrous |
What does waters of crystallisation refer to | The water molecules which form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a hydrated salt |
How to calculate the number of moles of water of crystallisation |
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What is percentage yield | A measure of the success of a laboratory preparation |
How to work out percentage yield | Actual yield of product/theoretical yield of product x 100 |
Do both values need to be in moles for the percentage yield formula | Yes |
What is theoretical yield | The number of moles expected if the reactants were completely converted into products |
How to work out theoretical yield | Calculating the number of moles of reactants used and then using the balanced equation to calculate the number of moles of product if the yield was 100% |
What is actual yield | The actual number of moles of product formed in the reaction |
What is atom economy | A measure of the efficiency of a reaction in terms of the atoms involved |
What does atom economy consider | Desired product and by products |
Atom economy equation | Mr of desired product/sum of Mrs of all products x 100 |
What can atom economy be calculated from | The balanced equation |
What is atom economy's significance in terms of the environment | Lots of waste products |
Addition reaction | Have an atom economy of 100%- one product made |
Substitution and elimination reactions | Have an atom economy of less than 100%- at least 2 products made |
What is sustainable chemistry | The design of chemical products and processes that reduce the use of hazardous substances and generation of waste |
What does sustainability mean | Developing industrial processes that prevent the depletion of the earths natural resources |
Rules for chemical sustainability |
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What are the downsides of green chemistry |
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