Chemistry: 3.9 Carboxylic Acids Part 2
This flashcard set explains the process of acylation, where an acyl group (–COR) is added to another molecule. It identifies compounds containing this group as acid derivatives and introduces acyl chlorides, noting their general formula as CnH₂n–1O.
what Is acylation
the process by which the acyl group is introduced to another molecule
Key Terms
what Is acylation
the process by which the acyl group is introduced to another molecule
what is the acyl group
-COR
what are compounds which have the acyl group as part of their structure called
acid derivatives
general formula acyl chlorides
CnH2n-1O
two important acid derivatives
acyl chlorides
acid anhydrides
which bond of the acid derivative is planar
carbonyl bond- C=O
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
what Is acylation | the process by which the acyl group is introduced to another molecule |
what is the acyl group | -COR |
what are compounds which have the acyl group as part of their structure called | acid derivatives |
general formula acyl chlorides | CnH2n-1O |
two important acid derivatives | acyl chlorides acid anhydrides |
which bond of the acid derivative is planar | carbonyl bond- C=O |
are carboxylic acids or acid derivatives more reactive | acid derivatives- they react with nucleophiles |
nucleophile | electron pair donor |
nucleophiles that react with acid derivatives | H2O, ROH, NH3 and R-NH2 |
what are acyl chlorides hydrolysed in water to form | carboxylic acids |
reagent for reaction of acyl chloride with water | water and acyl chloride |
general equation acyl chloride + water | RCOCl + H2O > RCOOH + HCl (white fumes) |
name of mechanism for all acylation reactions | nucleophilic addition-elimination |
what do acyl chlorides react with ammonia to form | amides |
reagent for acylation with ammonia | NH3 (excess) |
general equation acylation with ammonia | RCOCl + NH3 > RCONH2 + HCl |
what do acyl chlorides react with alcohols to form | esters |
| R1OH RCOCl |
general equation acylation with alcohol | RCOCl+ R1OH > RCOOR1 + HCl |
what do acyl chlorides react with primary amines to form | amides |
reagent acylation with primary amines | R-NH2 (excess) |
general equation acylation with primary amines | RCOCl + R1-NH2 > RCONHR1 + HCl |
what is an N substituted amide | one of the hydrogens on the nitrogen has been substituted for a methyl group (acylation) |
what do acid anhydrides undergo similar reactions to | acyl chlorides |
what are acid anhydrides hydrolysed in water to form | carboxylic acids |
general equation acid anhydride + water | RCOOCOR + H2O > RCOOH + RCOOH |
acid anhydride + water produces | 2 carboxylic acids |
what do acid anhydrides react with ammonia to form | amides |
general equation acid anhydrides + ammonia | RCOOCOR +NH3 > RCONH2 + RCOOH |
acid anhydride and ammonia produces | amide and carboxylic acid |
what do acid anhydrides react with alcohols to form | esters |
general equation acid anhydride + alcohol | RCOOCOR + R1OH > RCOOR1 + RCOOH |
acid anhydride and alcohol produces | ester and carboxylic acid |
what do acid anhydrides react with primary amines to form | amides |
general equation primary amines + acid anhydride | RCOOCOR + R1NH2 > RCONR1H + RCOOH |