Back to AI Flashcard MakerChemistry /Chemistry: 3.9 Carboxylic Acids Part 2

Chemistry: 3.9 Carboxylic Acids Part 2

Chemistry35 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This flashcard set explains the process of acylation, where an acyl group (–COR) is added to another molecule. It identifies compounds containing this group as acid derivatives and introduces acyl chlorides, noting their general formula as CnH₂n–1O.

what Is acylation

the process by which the acyl group is introduced to another molecule

Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/35

Key Terms

Term
Definition

what Is acylation

the process by which the acyl group is introduced to another molecule

what is the acyl group

-COR

what are compounds which have the acyl group as part of their structure called

acid derivatives

general formula acyl chlorides

CnH2n-1O

two important acid derivatives

acyl chlorides

acid anhydrides

which bond of the acid derivative is planar

carbonyl bond- C=O

Related Flashcard Decks

Study Tips

  • Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
  • Review cards regularly to improve retention
  • Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
  • Share this deck with friends to study together
TermDefinition

what Is acylation

the process by which the acyl group is introduced to another molecule

what is the acyl group

-COR

what are compounds which have the acyl group as part of their structure called

acid derivatives

general formula acyl chlorides

CnH2n-1O

two important acid derivatives

acyl chlorides

acid anhydrides

which bond of the acid derivative is planar

carbonyl bond- C=O

are carboxylic acids or acid derivatives more reactive

acid derivatives- they react with nucleophiles

nucleophile

electron pair donor

nucleophiles that react with acid derivatives

H2O, ROH, NH3 and R-NH2

what are acyl chlorides hydrolysed in water to form

carboxylic acids

reagent for reaction of acyl chloride with water

water and acyl chloride

general equation acyl chloride + water

RCOCl + H2O > RCOOH + HCl (white fumes)

name of mechanism for all acylation reactions

nucleophilic addition-elimination

what do acyl chlorides react with ammonia to form

amides

reagent for acylation with ammonia

NH3 (excess)

general equation acylation with ammonia

RCOCl + NH3 > RCONH2 + HCl

what do acyl chlorides react with alcohols to form

esters


reagent acylation with alcohol

R1OH RCOCl

general equation acylation with alcohol

RCOCl+ R1OH > RCOOR1 + HCl

what do acyl chlorides react with primary amines to form

amides

reagent acylation with primary amines

R-NH2 (excess)

general equation acylation with primary amines

RCOCl + R1-NH2 > RCONHR1 + HCl

what is an N substituted amide

one of the hydrogens on the nitrogen has been substituted for a methyl group (acylation)


what do acid anhydrides undergo similar reactions to

acyl chlorides

what are acid anhydrides hydrolysed in water to form

carboxylic acids

general equation acid anhydride + water

RCOOCOR + H2O > RCOOH + RCOOH

acid anhydride + water produces

2 carboxylic acids

what do acid anhydrides react with ammonia to form

amides

general equation acid anhydrides + ammonia

RCOOCOR +NH3 > RCONH2 + RCOOH

acid anhydride and ammonia produces

amide and carboxylic acid

what do acid anhydrides react with alcohols to form

esters

general equation acid anhydride + alcohol

RCOOCOR + R1OH > RCOOR1 + RCOOH

acid anhydride and alcohol produces

ester and carboxylic acid

what do acid anhydrides react with primary amines to form

amides

general equation primary amines + acid anhydride

RCOOCOR + R1NH2 > RCONR1H + RCOOH