Chemistry - Acids and Bases Flashcards
When an acid reacts with a metal, it produces a salt and hydrogen gas (H₂). This is typically seen with reactive metals like magnesium or zinc. An acid and a base react to form a salt and water in a process called neutralization. This reaction helps balance pH levels and is common in chemistry and everyday life (e.g., indigestion remedies).
what is produced when an acid reacts with metal
Salt + H2
Key Terms
what is produced when an acid reacts with metal
Salt + H2
what is produced when an acid reacts with a base
Salt and water
what is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate
salt + water + CO2
What is the general word equation for a metal reacting with an acid
metal + acid= salt + hydrogen
What does the speed of a rection depend on?
How high up in the reactivity series it is
What is the Lab test for Hydrogen
A burning wooden splint goes pop if it is put into a test tube of hydrogen.
The flame ignites the hydrogen, which burns explosively to make a lo...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
what is produced when an acid reacts with metal | Salt + H2 |
what is produced when an acid reacts with a base | Salt and water |
what is produced when an acid reacts with a carbonate | salt + water + CO2 |
What is the general word equation for a metal reacting with an acid | metal + acid= salt + hydrogen |
What does the speed of a rection depend on? | How high up in the reactivity series it is |
What is the Lab test for Hydrogen | A burning wooden splint goes pop if it is put into a test tube of hydrogen. |
What is the Arrhenius definition of an acid | An acid is a substance that dissociates in water to produce H+ ions |
What is the Arrhenius definition of a monobasic acid and give an example | Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce one H+ ion |
What is the Arrhenius definition of a dibasic acid and give an example | Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce two H+ ions |
What is the Arrhenius definition of a tribasic acid, and give an example | Each molecule dissociates in solution to produce three H+ ions |
What does the H+ ion react with water to form | Hydronium ion |
What is the general formula for the dissociation of acids in water | H(acid) +H2O = H3O+(Acid)- |
What is a Arrhenius Base | A base is a substance that dissociates in water to produce OH- ions |
What is the Arrhenius definition of a monobasic base and give an example | Each molecule dissociates to produce one OH- ion in solution |
What is the Arrhenius definition of a dibasic base and give an example | Each molecule dissociates to produce two OH- ion in solution |
What is the Arrhenius definition of a tribasic base and give an example | Each molecule dissociates to produce three OH- ion in solution |
What is a Arrhenius strong acid | A strong acid dissociates fully in aqueous solution to produce H+ ions |
What is a Arrhenius strong base | Dissociates fully in aqueous solution to produce OH- ions |
What is a Arrhenius weak acid | A weak acid dissociates only slightly in aqueous solution to produce H+ ions |
What is a Arrhenius weak base |
|
Limitations of Arrhenius theory | Limited to diluted aqueous solutions |
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of an acid | An acid is a proton donor |
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a base | A base is a proton acceptor |
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a stronger acid | A good proton donor |
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a weaker acid | Poor proton donor |
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a stronger base | A good proton acceptor |
What is the Brønsted-Lowry definition of a weaker base | A poor proton acceptor |
What does Amphoteric discribe, name an example | A substance which can act as either an acid or a base. Eg water |
Advantages of the Brønsted-Lowry Theory over Arrhenius theory | Not limited to aqueous solutions. Explains how substances can be amphoteric. Defines a larger range of substances as acids or bases. Takes into account the existence of hydronium ions |
Name examples of a strong acid | HCl, sulfuric acid (H2SO4) |
Name examples of a strong Base | sodium hydroxide ( NaOH) |
Name examples of a weak acid | ethanoic acid ( CH3COOH) |
Name examples of a weak base | Sodium Carbonate (Na2CO3) |
What is a conjugate (acid/base) pair | A conjugate (acid/base) pair is two substances that differ from each other by a H+ (a single proton) |
The stonger an acid the —— its conjugate base | Weaker |
The stonger an base the —— its conjugate acid | Weaker |
What is a conjugate acid | the substance formed when a base accepts a proton |
if asked to give the conjugate acid, you are given the… | Base. Make it accept a proton to get the conjugate acid |
What is a conjugate base | substance formed when an acid donates a proton |
if asked to give the conjugate base, you are given the… | Acid. Remove a proton from it to get the conjugate base |
Neutralisation | The reaction between an acid and a base to form salt and water |
What is a salt | A substance formed when the hydrogen ion from an acid is replaced by a metal or ammonium ion |
Use of neutralisation reactions in Medcine | Relief from excess HCL can be obtained by taking an antacid ( alkali tablets) |
Use of neutralisation reactions in Agriculture | Lime (CaO) is spread on fields to neutralises the acid in the soil increasing crop yield |
Use of neutralisation reactions in Envirmental protection | Lime is added to lakes in places which suffer from acid rainfall to neutralise the acid in lakes |
Use of neutralisation reactions in miscellaneous | Toothpaste is slightly basic to neutralise the plaque (acidic) in your mouth vinegar is an acid that neutralises the alkali sting of wasps |
What does it mean to dissociate | A molecule breaks down into its individual +and - ions |
What is an alkali | A base that dissolves in water |
What is the conjugate base of OH-? | O 2- |