Chemistry /Chemistry - Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards Part 1
Chemistry - Chemical Equilibrium Flashcards Part 1
This deck covers key concepts of chemical equilibrium, including reversible reactions, Le Chatelier's principle, and the effects of concentration, temperature, and pressure on equilibrium.
What is a reversible reaction?
one in which the reactants react to form products that then react to give the reactants back
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is a reversible reaction?
one in which the reactants react to form products that then react to give the reactants back
What is meant by chemical equilibrium?
the dynamic state where RATE OF the foward reaction is equil to the RATE OF the reverse reaction
Why is chemical equilibrium known as a dynamic state?
the foward reaction and the reverse reaction continute to occour at the same time and do not stop
Does a reaction at equilibrium cease? Explain.
No - dymanic state, rate of foward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction
Does the reaction being in equilibrium mean that the concentration of products and the reactant are the same?
No
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If [products] greater than [reactants] - the equilibrium lies on the…
right
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is a reversible reaction? | one in which the reactants react to form products that then react to give the reactants back |
What is meant by chemical equilibrium? | the dynamic state where RATE OF the foward reaction is equil to the RATE OF the reverse reaction |
Why is chemical equilibrium known as a dynamic state? | the foward reaction and the reverse reaction continute to occour at the same time and do not stop |
Does a reaction at equilibrium cease? Explain. | No - dymanic state, rate of foward reaction equals the rate of the reverse reaction |
Does the reaction being in equilibrium mean that the concentration of products and the reactant are the same? | No |
If [products] greater than [reactants] - the equilibrium lies on the… | right |
If [reactants] greater than [product] - equilibrium lies on the… | left |
State Le Chatelier’s principle. | is a stress is applied to a system at equilibrium, the system shiftfs to oppose the applied stress |
List three stresses that can be applied to a system at equilibrium. | Temperture
Concentration
Pressure (gasous reaction only) |
Describe how concentration alters a system at equilibrium. | increasing a substances conc: Equilibrium will shift to decrease its concentration- in the dirction that uses it up
Decreasing a substance concentration Equilibrium will shift to increase conc - in the direction that produces more of it
so the reverse/foward reaction favoured to the left/right |
Do Exothermic reactions produce heat or use up heat? | they produce heat - causing tempeture to rise |
Do endothermic reactions produce heat or use up heat? | Endothermic reactions - use up heat - causing temperture drop |
Describe how temperature alters a system at equilibrium. | Increasing temperture :Equilibrium will shift to decrease temperture in the endothermic reaction
Decreasing temperture: **Equilibrium will shift to increase temperture in the exothermic direction to produce heat*
so the reverse/foward reaction favoured to the left/right |
If the ΔH of a reversible reaction is negative… | THE FOWARD REACTION IS EXOTHERMIC |
If the ΔH of a reaction is positive… | THE FOWARD REACTION IS ENDOTHERMIC |
Under what conditions does pressure NOT have an effect of equilibrium? | If reaction is NOT a gaseous reaction
If the molecules (molar ratio) are equal on each side of the equation |
Describe the effects on equilibrium given that pressure affects the equilibrium. | Increasing pressure: equilibrium will shift to decrease pressure in the direction that has less molecules
Decreasing pressure: Equilibrium will shift to increase presure in the direction that has more molecules |
Name a practical way to decrease pressure. | decrease container volume |
What effect does a catalyst have on equilibrium? Explain. | none, a catalyst brings a reaction to equilibrium more quickly but does not affect the sate of equilibrium. speeds up foward and reverse reqction equally |
describe the procedure to investigate the effects of concentration illustate Le Chatelier’s principle by demostrating the effects of both concentration changed and temperture changes on the reaction (Potassium thiocyanate) and iron III chloride | use dropper to drop a drop of postassium Thioyanate to iron III chloride solution in a test tube red colour forms intially add dilute HCl Fe3+ decreases equilibrium shiftf to increase concentration of Fe3+ to produce more reverse reaction yellow colour forms due to formation of Fe3+ add KCNS conc of CNS- increases equilibrium shiftf to use it up foward reaction favoured Red colour forms due to formation of Fe(CNS)+2 |