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Chemistry Lab Concepts Part 2

Chemistry30 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts related to chemistry lab processes, including molecular and ionic compounds, gas laws, pH, and titration.

5 %(m/v) glucose

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Key Terms

Term
Definition
5 %(m/v) glucose
none
1 %(m/v) glucose
hemolysis
Why is energy required for the boiling process?
because molecules move faster, and the temperature rises when heat energy is added, when molecules gain enough they separate
When water at 0°C freezes, is heat lost or gained? Explain your answer.
heat is lost because, the energy is given off in the form of heat when there is a change of matter from liquid to solid
why are there two plateaus on the heating curve for water that begins at -15C and ends at 120C?
because the first plateau represents the melting point, change from solid to liquid, the second plateau represents boiling point, from liquid to solid
When water is heated, the temperature eventually reaches a constant value and forms a plateau on the graph. What does the plateau indicate?
phase change

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TermDefinition
5 %(m/v) glucose
none
1 %(m/v) glucose
hemolysis
Why is energy required for the boiling process?
because molecules move faster, and the temperature rises when heat energy is added, when molecules gain enough they separate
When water at 0°C freezes, is heat lost or gained? Explain your answer.
heat is lost because, the energy is given off in the form of heat when there is a change of matter from liquid to solid
why are there two plateaus on the heating curve for water that begins at -15C and ends at 120C?
because the first plateau represents the melting point, change from solid to liquid, the second plateau represents boiling point, from liquid to solid
When water is heated, the temperature eventually reaches a constant value and forms a plateau on the graph. What does the plateau indicate?
phase change
Where are valence electrons in an atom?
in a shell of an atom
How are positive and negative ions formed?
positive ions- when atom gives away its electrons from another atom (lose electrons) negative ions- when atom has more electrons than protons (gain)
Why are electrons shared in molecular compounds?
because non-metals have electronegativity and share electrons rather than lose them
how do the names of molecular compounds differ from the names of ionic compounds?
molecular compounds- when 2 non-metals are named using prefixes ionic compounds- remove the ending of second element and add -ide
What are polyatomic ions?
covalently bonded atoms with an overall charge, which is the result of adding electrons to complete octets
How does the number of bonded atoms around a central atom determine its shape? include ex. in your answers
(VSERR) determines that the bond in a molecule are e-s and they move as far apart as possible. Counting the e-s groups help determine whether they are forming its shape and bond.
Provide a mathematical expression for the combined gas law and solve for V2
P1V1/T1=P2V1/T2 V2= V1P1T2/P2T1
Differentiate between atmospheric pressure and vapor pressure
Vapor pressure - pressure of the vapor over a liquid at equilibrium in a closed container Atmospheric pressure- exerted by atoms and molecules in the atmosphere
Provide the values for STP
standard temperature= 0C or 273k Standard pressure= 1 atm or 760.0 mmHg
What is the value for the molar volume of a gas at STP
22.4 L/ mol
How is the pH of a solution related to the [H30+]
because it is the negative log of hydrogen ion concentration pH= -log[H30+]
using the equation for KW, explain how [OH-] changes when more H3O+ IS ADDED
[OH-] will decrease
Is a solution with a pH of 12.0 acidic or basic?
basic
Is a solution with a pH of 2.0 acidic or basic?
acidic
What is a buffer?
maintains the pH of a solution by reacting with and neutralizing small amounts of acids and bases
If you add acid or base to water, how will the ph change?
pH will change between 7-14 it will raise the acid if acid is added to water because it gives the H+ to the water molecule when acid is added
If you add acid or base to a buffer, how will the ph change?
pH will not change. a buffer reacts with excess acid or bases that maintains the pH of a solution. if a strong base is added to a buffer, the weak acid will give up H+ to transform the base into water and conjugate base.
which solutions showed the greatest change in pH? Why?
H2O, 0.1 M NaCl
which solutions showed little or no change in pH?Why?
high/ low buffer
Normally, the pH of the human body is fixed in a very narrow range between 7.35 and 7.45. A patient with an acidotic blood pH of 7.3 may be treated with an alkali such as sodium bicarbonate. Why would this treatment raise the pH of the blood?
The main buffer system used to control the pH of the blood is the bicarbonate buffering system.
What is neutralization?
the reaction of H+ ions from the acid combine with OH- from a base to produce salt and water
write an equation for the neutralization of H2SO4 by KOH
H2SO4 (Aq) + 2 KOH (aq) ---> K2SO4 + 2H2O
What is titration?
addition of a specific amount of base required to neutralize acid in a sample
what is the function of an indicator in a titration?
it changes color and determines the endpoint, that indicates if acid has been neutralized by addition of base