Chemistry: Organic Analysis
This flashcard set outlines key chemical tests used to identify alkenes and different classes of alcohols. It includes reagents, conditions, and expected color changes, helping distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols based on their oxidation behavior.
what is the chemical test for alkenes
bromine water
orange>colourless
Key Terms
what is the chemical test for alkenes
bromine water
orange>colourless
chemical test for primary and secondary alcohols
acidified potassium dichromate and warm
observation from chemical test with primary and secondary alcohols
orange>green
observation from chemical test with tertiary alcohols
no colour change (tertiary alcohols cant be oxidised)
chemical tests for aldehydes
tollens reagent- silver mirror
fehlings solution- blue solution>brick red ppt
chemical test for carboxylic acids
sodium carbonate/hydrogencarbonate
effervescence
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
what is the chemical test for alkenes | bromine water orange>colourless |
chemical test for primary and secondary alcohols | acidified potassium dichromate and warm |
observation from chemical test with primary and secondary alcohols | orange>green |
observation from chemical test with tertiary alcohols | no colour change (tertiary alcohols cant be oxidised) |
chemical tests for aldehydes | tollens reagent- silver mirror fehlings solution- blue solution>brick red ppt |
chemical test for carboxylic acids | sodium carbonate/hydrogencarbonate effervescence |
chemical test for halogenoalkanes | silver nitrate solution and warm hydrolysis and test for halide cl- white ppt br- cream ppt I- yellow ppt |
| an analytical technique used to identify types of organic compounds |
what is ir spectrospcopy used to detect | the presence of specific covalent bonds within a compound |
how does ir spectroscopy detect the presence of specific covalent bonds within a compound | each type of bond vibrates at a specific frequency and so it absorbs a specific frequency of ir radiation |
what is an infra red spectrum | is a graph of % transmittance against wave number |
what is wave number proportional to | frequency |
what does the position of each inverted peak on ir spectrum tell us | which bonds are present and therefore which functional groups are present in organic compounds |
for which bonds are there two different absorptions | O-H (acids and alcohols) |
what is the fingerprint region | from about 500-1500cm-1 complex pattern of absorptions unique for each individual compound |
how can a compounds fingerprint region be identified | by comparing its finger region on a computer database |
examples of greenhouse gases | carbon dioxide |
why do greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation | their bonds absorb infrared which makes it vibrate |
why do infrared spectra of greenhouse gases show big absorptions | bonds are efficient at absorbing infrared radiation |
why do the results contain many lines when an organic compound passes through a mass spectrometer |
- molecule bombarded with highn energy electrons and so breaks apart |
molecular ion peak | the line with the largest m/z ratio in a mass spec. this peak gives mr of compound |
what can high resolution mass spec measure | the atomic and molecular mass to 4 dp |
what is high resolution mass spec useful for | when compounds have the same mr when rounded to the nearest whole number |
how can combustion analysis be used to determine the empirical formula of a compound | react the organic compound in a large excess of oxygen and collect the products mr of the compound can be determined from mass spectrum and hence empirical formula |