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Chemistry: Organic Analysis

Chemistry24 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This flashcard set outlines key chemical tests used to identify alkenes and different classes of alcohols. It includes reagents, conditions, and expected color changes, helping distinguish between primary, secondary, and tertiary alcohols based on their oxidation behavior.

what is the chemical test for alkenes

bromine water

orange>colourless

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

what is the chemical test for alkenes

bromine water

orange>colourless

chemical test for primary and secondary alcohols

acidified potassium dichromate and warm

observation from chemical test with primary and secondary alcohols

orange>green

observation from chemical test with tertiary alcohols

no colour change (tertiary alcohols cant be oxidised)

chemical tests for aldehydes

tollens reagent- silver mirror

fehlings solution- blue solution>brick red ppt

chemical test for carboxylic acids

sodium carbonate/hydrogencarbonate

effervescence

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TermDefinition

what is the chemical test for alkenes

bromine water

orange>colourless

chemical test for primary and secondary alcohols

acidified potassium dichromate and warm

observation from chemical test with primary and secondary alcohols

orange>green

observation from chemical test with tertiary alcohols

no colour change (tertiary alcohols cant be oxidised)

chemical tests for aldehydes

tollens reagent- silver mirror

fehlings solution- blue solution>brick red ppt

chemical test for carboxylic acids

sodium carbonate/hydrogencarbonate

effervescence

chemical test for halogenoalkanes

silver nitrate solution and warm

hydrolysis and test for halide

cl- white ppt

br- cream ppt

I- yellow ppt


what is infra-red spectroscopy

an analytical technique used to identify types of organic compounds

what is ir spectrospcopy used to detect

the presence of specific covalent bonds within a compound

how does ir spectroscopy detect the presence of specific covalent bonds within a compound

each type of bond vibrates at a specific frequency and so it absorbs a specific frequency of ir radiation

what is an infra red spectrum

is a graph of % transmittance against wave number

what is wave number proportional to

frequency

what does the position of each inverted peak on ir spectrum tell us

which bonds are present and therefore which functional groups are present in organic compounds

for which bonds are there two different absorptions

O-H (acids and alcohols)

what is the fingerprint region

from about 500-1500cm-1

complex pattern of absorptions unique for each individual compound

how can a compounds fingerprint region be identified

by comparing its finger region on a computer database

examples of greenhouse gases

carbon dioxide
methane
water vapour

why do greenhouse gases absorb infrared radiation

their bonds absorb infrared which makes it vibrate

why do infrared spectra of greenhouse gases show big absorptions

bonds are efficient at absorbing infrared radiation

why do the results contain many lines when an organic compound passes through a mass spectrometer

  • the fragment ions of the molecule

- molecule bombarded with highn energy electrons and so breaks apart

molecular ion peak

the line with the largest m/z ratio in a mass spec. this peak gives mr of compound


what can high resolution mass spec measure

the atomic and molecular mass to 4 dp

what is high resolution mass spec useful for

when compounds have the same mr when rounded to the nearest whole number

how can combustion analysis be used to determine the empirical formula of a compound

react the organic compound in a large excess of oxygen and collect the products

mr of the compound can be determined from mass spectrum and hence empirical formula