Chemistry /Chemistry - Organic Families 2 Flashcards Part 1
What is a functional group?
An atom or group of atoms responsible for the characteristic properties of an organic compound
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
What is a functional group?
An atom or group of atoms responsible for the characteristic properties of an organic compound
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What is the general formula of alcohols?
CnH2n+2O / R-OH
What do the alcohols end in?
anol
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What is the functional group of alcohols?
Hydroxyl group (-OH)
What is the molecular formula and chemical formula for methanol?
CH4O
CH3OH (keep functional group together)
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In alcohols, the number of the carbon that contains the -OH group is?
Placed in the middle of the alcohol name after ‘al’ and before ‘ol’
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is a functional group? | An atom or group of atoms responsible for the characteristic properties of an organic compound |
What is the general formula of alcohols? | CnH2n+2O / R-OH |
What do the alcohols end in? | anol |
What is the functional group of alcohols? | Hydroxyl group (-OH) |
What is the molecular formula and chemical formula for methanol? | CH4O
CH3OH (keep functional group together) |
In alcohols, the number of the carbon that contains the -OH group is? | Placed in the middle of the alcohol name after ‘al’ and before ‘ol’ |
Types of alcohols? | Primary alcohols: Carbon with the -OH group attached to one other carbon e.g., ethanol, methanol
Secondary alcohols: Carbon with the -OH group attached to two other carbon atoms e.g., propan-2-ol
Tertiary alcohols: Carbon with the -OH group attached to three other carbon atoms e.g., 2-methylpropan-2-ol |
Give three applications of alcohols. | 1. Ethanol used in alcoholic drinks/perfumes/paints
2. Methanol and ethanol are added to petrol to increase octane number
3. Methanol and ethanol are used in methylated spirits (industrial alcohol) as a solvent and fuel |
How is ethanol produced for its use in alcoholic drinks and list examples? | Fermentation
the ethanol is used for wines, ciders |
Balanced equation of fermentation? | C6H12O6 -> 2C2H5OH + 2CO2 |
What step must be taken to produce alcohol of higher concentration for drinks such as gin, vodka, whiskey, brandy? | The ethanol produced from yeast fermentation must be distilled |
Name the primary metabolite of ethanol in the human liver after consumption of ethanol. | Ethanal (An aldehyde)
Ethanal is a toxic substance and a known carcinogen- it must be further metabolized by the body |
Why is methanol known as a denaturing agent? | Present in industrial alcohol, cheaper than alcoholic drinks
E.g., methylated spirits
Methanol is toxic and purposely added to industrial alcohol to prevent people drinking it |
What is the general formula for the aldehydes? | CnH2nO |
What is the ending for aldehydes? | Anal |
What is the functional group for aldehydes? | -CHO group
Carbonyl group with a hydrogen |
What is a carbonyl group? | A carbon with a double bond to an oxygen |
Draw the structural formula, molecular formula, chemical formula and give the IUPAC name of the 3rd member of the aldehydes. | C3H6O - molecular formula
C2H5CHO
Propanal |
How many isomers for the 4th member of the aldehydes (draw them)? | 2 |
How do you make isomers for aldehydes? | Branching
TURN INTO A KETONE |
Give two applications of aldehydes. | Formaldehyde (methanal) used to preserve biological specimens
Benzaldehyde is found in almond kernels used as flavoring agent |
What is the general formula for Ketone? | CnH2nO (same as aldehydes) |
What is the ending for ketone? | Anone |
What is the functional group of ketones? | Carbonyl group (-CO group C double bond O) attached to a hydrocarbon portion of either side |
What is the structure, molecular formula, chemical formula and IUPAC name for the second member of the Ketone? | C4H8O - molecular
C2H5COCH3 - chemical
Butanone |
How do you make isomers for ketone? | There are no isomers for ketones that are also ketones
TURN INTO AN ALDEHYDE
same general formula |
Give an application of a ketone. | Solvents - propanone (acetone) used in nail varnish remover |
What is the general formula for Carboxylic acids? | CnH2nO2 |
What is the ending for Carboxylic acids? | Anoic acid |
What is the functional group of Carboxylic acids? | Carboxylic group
-COOH group
Made up of a carbonyl group (-CO) and hydroxyl group (OH) |