Chemistry /Chemistry - Organic Families 2 Flashcards Part 2
Draw the first member of Carboxylic acids and give the molecular formula, chemical formula and IUPAC name
CH2O2
HCOOH
Methanoic acid
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Draw the first member of Carboxylic acids and give the molecular formula, chemical formula and IUPAC name
CH2O2
HCOOH
Methanoic acid
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How do you make isomers for Carboxylic acids
Branching
Turn into esters
Give 4 applications of Carboxylic acids
Ethanoic acid is the acid in vinegar used as a flavouring agent
Ethanoic acid is used to make cellulose acetate- in varnishes and lacquers
propanoic a...
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Name the general formula of the Esters
CnH2nO2
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What is the ending of esters
Anoate
What is the functional group of esters
COOC
Carbonyl group ( an hydrocarbon group) attached to oxygen and another hydrocarbon portion
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Draw the first member of Carboxylic acids and give the molecular formula, chemical formula and IUPAC name | CH2O2
HCOOH
Methanoic acid |
How do you make isomers for Carboxylic acids | Branching
Turn into esters |
Give 4 applications of Carboxylic acids | Ethanoic acid is the acid in vinegar used as a flavouring agent
Ethanoic acid is used to make cellulose acetate- in varnishes and lacquers
propanoic acid , benzoic acid and its salts are used in food preservation
Methanoic acid found in nettle/ant stings |
Name the general formula of the Esters | CnH2nO2 |
What is the ending of esters | Anoate |
What is the functional group of esters | COOC
Carbonyl group ( an hydrocarbon group) attached to oxygen and another hydrocarbon portion |
Give the side group names | Methyl CH3
Ethyl C2H5
Propyl C3H7
Chloro-Cl
Bromo Br
Fluoro-F |
Draw the first member of the esters and give the molecular formula, chemical formula and IUPAC name | C2H4O2
HCOOCH3
MethylMethanoate |
In esters, the carbon of the carbonyl group… | Is always carbon 1 of the main chain |
Esters always have a… | Side group |
How do you make isomers for Esters | Change position of a carbon
Turn into a Carboxylic acid
Carboxylic acids and esters can have isomers made of eachother |
Give four uses of esters | fats and oils occouring in esters used to make soap
esters found in fruits have a dinstinctily fruity smell- used in fruit flavourings
used in perfumes and cosmetics
ethyl ethanonate is used as a solvent in glue |
What does the boiling points of organic compounds depend on? | The type of intermolecular forces between the molecules
The molecular mass of the molecules |
Are carbon to carbons Polar covalent or non polar covalent | Non polar covalent |
Are carbons bonded to Hydrogens Polar covalent or non polar covalent | Non polar covalent |
Are carbons bonded to Hydrogens Polar covalent or non polar covalent | Non polar covalent |
Are carbonyl groups Polar covalent or non polar covalent polar covalent | Polar convalent |
Are hydroxyl groups Polar covalent or non polar covalent | Polar covalent |
Why do carboxylic acids have the highest boiling point out of all the organic families | They have a polar carbonyl group and a polar hydroxyl group
More hydrogen bonds form between molecules
Strongest intermolecular force |
Why do alcohol have the second highest boiling point | They have a polar hydroxyl group
Hydrogen bonds formed between the molecules
Strongest intermolecular force |
Why are aldehydes, ketones and esters the second weakest in order of highest boiling point | Have a polar carbonyl group dipole dipole forced form between the molecules
Weaker than hydrogen bonding, stronger than van der waals |
Why do alkanes. Alkenes and alkynes have the lowest boiling point | Entirely non polar
Wan der waals forces only form between molecules
Weakest intermolecular force |
The boiling point of ALL organic family members increases as | Molecular mass increases- stronger intermolecular forces form |
Comment on the solubilities of alkanes, alkenes and aldehydes | They are non-polar hydrocarbons
All insoluble in polar substances such as water -no intermolecular forces form soluble non-polar solvents such as cytohexane -intermolecular forces form |
Comment on the first three members solubility in Carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes , ketones and esters | Contain both a non polar hydrocarbon portion and a polar portion
First three members are very soluble in polar water-hydrogen bonds form |
Comment on the forth members onwards solubility in Carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes , ketones and esters | As the molecular mass increases- the non-polar portion gets larger and the solubility in water decreases.
Poorly soluble in water but dissolved in non polar substances such as cytohexane |
For Carboxylic acids, alcohols, aldehydes , ketones and esters the solubility in water decreases as… | Molecular mass increases- non polar portion gets bigger |
What is the shape of a organic compound with four single bonds | Tetrahedral |
What is the shape of a organic compound with a double or triple bond | Planer |