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Chemistry: Period 3 Part 1

Chemistry48 CardsCreated 2 months ago

This flashcard set categorizes elements based on their atomic structures. It identifies metals like Na, Mg, and Al as forming giant lattices, silicon as macromolecular, nonmetals like P₄, S₈, and Cl₂ as simple covalent molecules, and noble gas argon as monoatomic.

type of structure Na Mg Al

giant lattice

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

type of structure Na Mg Al

giant lattice

type of structure Si

macromolecular

type of structure P4 S8 Cl2

simple covalent molecules

type of structure Ar

mono atomic

type of bonding Na Mg Al

metallic

type of bonding Si P4 S8 Cl2

covalent

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TermDefinition

type of structure Na Mg Al

giant lattice

type of structure Si

macromolecular

type of structure P4 S8 Cl2

simple covalent molecules

type of structure Ar

mono atomic

type of bonding Na Mg Al

metallic

type of bonding Si P4 S8 Cl2

covalent

type of forces Na Mg Al

metallic bonds- attraction between positively charged metal ions and delocalised electrons in a lattice

type of forces Si

covalent- shared pair of electrons

type of forces P4 S8 Cl2

VDWs- temporary induced intermolecular forces

type of forces Ar

VDWs

bp and mp Na Mg Al Si

increasingly high

bp and mp P4 S8 Cl2 Ar


low- weak forces

trend across period in atomic radius

decreases

why does atomic radius decrease across period

  • more protons

  • electrons added to same shell so shielding is same

  • attraction between nucleus and outer electrons increases

trend cross period first IE

increases

why does first IE increase across period

  • -more protons

  • electrons added to same shell so shielding is same

  • attraction between nucleus and outer electrons increases

trend in electronegativity across period

increases

observations of sodium with water

fizzes and floats on surface

Na dissolves

sodium and water equation

Na+H2O > NaOH + 1/2H2

observations of magnesium with cold water

  • v slow reaction

- occasional bubble

equation magnesium and cold water

Mg + H2O> Mg(OH)2 + H2

observation magnesium with steam

  • white flame

- white solid


equation magnesium with steam

Mg + H2O > MgO + H2

why is aluminium unreactive with water

-resistant to further oxidation because of Al2O3 coating

do silicon, phosphorus and sulphur react with water

no

observations chlorine and water

(with universal indicator paper)

| red then bleaches white

equation chlorine and water

Cl2 + H2O >< HClO + HCl

what is the reaction of water and chlorine an example of

disproportionation- chlorine simultaneously oxidised and reduced

does argon react with water

no

what do the period 3 elements react with oxygen to form

they react exothermically to form oxides, with the exception of chlorine and argon

observation sodium and oxygen

  • orange/yellow flame

| - white solid

equation sodium and oxygen

4Na + O2 > 2Na2O

observation magnesium and oxygen

  • white flame

| - white solid

equation magnesium and oxygen

Mg + 1/2O2 > MgO

observation aluminium and oxygen

  • unreactive due to Al2O3 coating

| - fine powder- white sparkles/white solid

equation aluminium and oxygen

4Al + 3O2 > 2Al2O3

what kind of compounds are the metal oxides

basic

observations silicon with oxygen

v slow

equation silicon with oxygen

Si+ O2 > SiO2

observations phosphorus and oxygen

white flames and fumes

equation phosphorus and oxygen

4P + 5O2 > P4O10

observations sulphur and oxygen

blue flame

| choking gas

equation sulphur and oxygen

S + O2 > SO2

what kind of compounds are non metal oxides

acidic compounds

what can sulphur (IV) oxide (SO2) react with oxygen to form

sulphur (VI) oxide (SO3)

sulphur 4 oxide and oxygen

SO2 + 1/2O2> SO3

contact process

SO3 + H2O > H2SO4

why do NA20, MGO AND AL203 have high melting points

ionic- strong electrostatic attractions between oppositely charged ions require a lot of energy to break