Chemistry: Polymers
This flashcard set covers condensation polymerisation, where monomers with two functional groups react with the elimination of a small molecule. It focuses on the formation of polyesters from carboxylic acids or acyl chlorides with alcohols, producing water or HCl as by-products.
What does condensation polymerisation involve
The reaction between monomers containing two different functional groups with the loss of a small molecule
Key Terms
What does condensation polymerisation involve
The reaction between monomers containing two different functional groups with the loss of a small molecule
What can polyesters be formed from
The reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol
What can polyesters be formed from beside a carboxylic acid and what would the other product be in this casee
Acyl chloride
Product would be HCl
How are the monomers joined together in polyesters
An Ester link
Polyesters: what is eliminated when the Ester link forms
A molecule of water
Polyesters: what is removed from the COOH group when the Ester link forms
OH group
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What does condensation polymerisation involve | The reaction between monomers containing two different functional groups with the loss of a small molecule |
What can polyesters be formed from | The reaction of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol |
What can polyesters be formed from beside a carboxylic acid and what would the other product be in this casee | Acyl chloride Product would be HCl |
How are the monomers joined together in polyesters | An Ester link |
Polyesters: what is eliminated when the Ester link forms | A molecule of water |
Polyesters: what is removed from the COOH group when the Ester link forms | OH group |
Polyesters: what is removed from the OH group of the alcohol when the Ester link is formed | h atom |
| Fibres |
Polyesters: when can polyesters be formed from a single monomer | If it contains both an alcohol and a carboxylic acid group |
Polyamides: what are polyamides formed from | The reaction of a dicarboxylic acid and a diamine |
Polyamides: what are the monomers joined together by | An amide link |
Polyamides: what is eliminated when the amide link forms | A molecule of water |
Polyamides: what is removed from the acid grou owhen the link forms | OH |
What is removed from the NH2 group of the amine when the amide rink forms | H ATOM |
what is nylon 6,6 formed from | 1,6 diaminohexane and hexane 1,6 dicarboxylic acid |
| fibres, ropes, carpets, parachute silk |
what is kevlar formed from | 1,4 diamino benzene and benzene dicarboxylic acid |
uses of kevlar | bullet proof material |
what are the uses of kevlar due to | its strength |
what is kevlars strength a result of | its structure |
why can kevlar chains pack closely together | theyre planar |
what does it mean that kevlar chains can pack closely together | intermolecular forces between neighbouring chains are stronger than in other polymers |
what is the strongest intermolecular force present in kevlar | h bonding |
where does hydrogen bond from in kevlar | delta + H atom of one amide link and lp O=C of another ` |
how can polyamides be formed | from a single monomer that contains both an amine and a carboxylic acid functional group |
what is nylon 6 formed from | 6-aminohexanoic acid |
what monomers are polypeptide made from | amino acid monomers |
why can amino acids react together to form a condensation polymer | each has an amine group and a carboxylic acid group |
comparison of addition and condensation polymers: condensation polymerisation involves… | monomers joining together with the elimination of a small molecule such as water or HCl |
comparison of addition and condensation polymers: in condensation the monomers must be either… | one molecule with 2 different functional groups/2 different molecules each with 2 functional groups |
comparison of addition and condensation polymers: condensation polymers normally contain which kind of linkages | ester or amide |
comparison of addition and condensation polymers: addition polymerisation involves | successive addition of a monomer to the growing polymer chain |
comparison of addition and condensation polymers: the monomer in addition polymerisation is normally | an alkene RCH=CH2 |
comparison of addition and condensation polymers: the backbone of an addition polymer is | a continuous chain of carbon atoms |
comparison of addition and condensation polymers: which kind of polymers are generally stronger and more rigid | condensation polymers are generally stronger and more rigid than addition |
comparison of addition and condensation polymers: why are condensation polymers generally stronger and more rigid | IMF between polymer chains
|
what does a repeating unit show | one of each monomer present in the polymer ch |
why are addition polymers chemically inert | carbon skeleton consists of C-C single bonds |
can addition polymers be hydrolysed | no |
can polyamides and polyesters be hydrolysed | yes |
hydrolysis | breaking a bond using water |
why is a catalyst used in hydrolysis of polyamides and polyesters | reaction is slow so catalyst added to increase rate |
what catalysts can be used for hydrolysis of polyamides and polyesters | aqueous strong acid/aqueous strong base |
conditions for hydrolysis polyesters and polyamides | heat and reflux |
why are addition polymers inert | the bonds between the repeat units are strong and non polar so are not susceptible to attack by nucleohiles |
why are addition polymers non biodegradable and what does this mean | because they are inert means they build up in waste tips and landfill sites |
why can polyesters and polyamides be broken down by hydrolysis | because the bonds between the repeating units are polar so are susceptible to attack by nucleophiles |
are polyesters and polyamides biodegradable | yes |
what 3 methods are there for the disposal of polymers |
|
advantage of burying | cheap and easy |
disadvantage burying | requires areaas of land waste releases methane and can release toxins (could run into water supplies) when decomposing |
advantage combustion | produces heat energy |
disadvantage combustion |
|
advantage recycling |
|
disadvantage recycling |
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