Back to AI Flashcard MakerChemistry /Chemistry - Radioactivity Flashcards Part 1
Who investigated the radiation of uranium salts?
Henri Becquerel
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Who investigated the radiation of uranium salts?
Henri Becquerel
Radioactivity is defined as?
The spontaneous random decay of an unstable nucleus emitting alpha, beta or gamma particles
Who won the Nobel prize for physics?
Pierre and Marie Curie
What did Pierre and Marie Cuire discover?
The radioactive elements, polonium and radium
Describe alpha particles and give an application.
2protons 2neutrons
Double positive charge
Relativity large mass
Slowest out of the types
Low penetrating power, not dangerous (piece of paper)
Attract...
Describe Beta particles and give an application.
They are electrons
Negative charge
Low mass
Travel quickly
High penetrating power (5mm Aluminium)
Attracted to a positive plate in a magnetic field
Ca...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Who investigated the radiation of uranium salts? | Henri Becquerel |
Radioactivity is defined as? | The spontaneous random decay of an unstable nucleus emitting alpha, beta or gamma particles |
Who won the Nobel prize for physics? | Pierre and Marie Curie |
What did Pierre and Marie Cuire discover? | The radioactive elements, polonium and radium |
Describe alpha particles and give an application. | 2protons 2neutrons
Double positive charge
Relativity large mass
Slowest out of the types
Low penetrating power, not dangerous (piece of paper)
Attracted towards a negative plate
Americium 241- smoke detector |
Describe Beta particles and give an application. | They are electrons
Negative charge
Low mass
Travel quickly
High penetrating power (5mm Aluminium)
Attracted to a positive plate in a magnetic field
Carbon-14 used in carbon dating |
Describe Gamma radiation and give an application. | Electromagnetic radiation
No charged particles
No mass
High penetrating ability (thick lead)
Not effected by electric fields
Cobalt 60 used in radiotherapy |
What is used to detect radioactivity? | A Geiger - Muller tube is used to detect radioactivity |
What happens in Alpha nuclear reactions? | Atomic number- goes down by two
Mass number- goes down by four |
What happens in Beta nuclear reactions? | Atomic number- goes up by one
Mass number- doesn’t change |
What is transmutation? | The changing of one element into another |
What is the half life on a element, is it affected by anything external? | The time taken for half of the nuclei to decay
(External factors don’t affect the half life of a element) |
What is a radioisotope? | A radioactive isotope |
Name radioisotope uses. | Smoke alarms: Americium 241-alpha
Carbon dating : Carbon 14- beta
Radiotherapy: Cobalt 60- Gamma |
Explain Carbon Dating. | The ratio is C-12 to C-14 in living things is constant. Although C-14 decays by beta radiation it’s continuously replaced while the organism is alive.
When an organism dies no more C-14 is taken in but the amount of the stable C-12 isotope remains the same.
By measuring the ratio of C-14 to C-12 in the remains of material scientists can work out the age of the items. |
Differences between chemical and nuclear Reactions. | Chemical
Involves electrons rather than the nucleus
No new element formed
No release of nuclear radiation
Chemical bonds broken and formed
Nuclear-
Involves nucleus
New element formed
Release of nuclear radiation
No chemical bonds broken and formed |
What is the radiation in our environment? | Most natural radiation come from natural sources- radon is produced by the decay of uranium and thorium found in rocks in the earth
- the gas is continually seeping out of the ground |