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Chemistry - Radioactivity Flashcards Part 1

Chemistry17 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts and facts about radioactivity, including definitions, discoveries, particle descriptions, and applications.

Who investigated the radiation of uranium salts?

Henri Becquerel
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
Who investigated the radiation of uranium salts?
Henri Becquerel
Radioactivity is defined as?
The spontaneous random decay of an unstable nucleus emitting alpha, beta or gamma particles
Who won the Nobel prize for physics?
Pierre and Marie Curie
What did Pierre and Marie Cuire discover?
The radioactive elements, polonium and radium
Describe alpha particles and give an application.
2protons 2neutrons Double positive charge Relativity large mass Slowest out of the types Low penetrating power, not dangerous (piece of paper) Attract...
Describe Beta particles and give an application.
They are electrons Negative charge Low mass Travel quickly High penetrating power (5mm Aluminium) Attracted to a positive plate in a magnetic field Ca...

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TermDefinition
Who investigated the radiation of uranium salts?
Henri Becquerel
Radioactivity is defined as?
The spontaneous random decay of an unstable nucleus emitting alpha, beta or gamma particles
Who won the Nobel prize for physics?
Pierre and Marie Curie
What did Pierre and Marie Cuire discover?
The radioactive elements, polonium and radium
Describe alpha particles and give an application.
2protons 2neutrons Double positive charge Relativity large mass Slowest out of the types Low penetrating power, not dangerous (piece of paper) Attracted towards a negative plate Americium 241- smoke detector
Describe Beta particles and give an application.
They are electrons Negative charge Low mass Travel quickly High penetrating power (5mm Aluminium) Attracted to a positive plate in a magnetic field Carbon-14 used in carbon dating
Describe Gamma radiation and give an application.
Electromagnetic radiation No charged particles No mass High penetrating ability (thick lead) Not effected by electric fields Cobalt 60 used in radiotherapy
What is used to detect radioactivity?
A Geiger - Muller tube is used to detect radioactivity
What happens in Alpha nuclear reactions?
Atomic number- goes down by two Mass number- goes down by four
What happens in Beta nuclear reactions?
Atomic number- goes up by one Mass number- doesn’t change
What is transmutation?
The changing of one element into another
What is the half life on a element, is it affected by anything external?
The time taken for half of the nuclei to decay (External factors don’t affect the half life of a element)
What is a radioisotope?
A radioactive isotope
Name radioisotope uses.
Smoke alarms: Americium 241-alpha Carbon dating : Carbon 14- beta Radiotherapy: Cobalt 60- Gamma
Explain Carbon Dating.
The ratio is C-12 to C-14 in living things is constant. Although C-14 decays by beta radiation it’s continuously replaced while the organism is alive. When an organism dies no more C-14 is taken in but the amount of the stable C-12 isotope remains the same. By measuring the ratio of C-14 to C-12 in the remains of material scientists can work out the age of the items.
Differences between chemical and nuclear Reactions.
Chemical Involves electrons rather than the nucleus No new element formed No release of nuclear radiation Chemical bonds broken and formed Nuclear- Involves nucleus New element formed Release of nuclear radiation No chemical bonds broken and formed
What is the radiation in our environment?
Most natural radiation come from natural sources- radon is produced by the decay of uranium and thorium found in rocks in the earth - the gas is continually seeping out of the ground