Back to AI Flashcard MakerChemistry /Chemistry - Radioactivity Flashcards Part 2
Isotopes
atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass number
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Isotopes
atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass number
Radioactivity
the spontaneous decay of a unstable nucleus with the emission of alpha, beta or gamma particles
radioisotopes
radioactive isotopes
what was the contibution of Henri Bequerel
discovered radioactivity
who discovered raioactivity
henri bequerel
Who discovered ratioactive elements
Perrie and Marie Curie
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Isotopes | atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass number |
Radioactivity | the spontaneous decay of a unstable nucleus with the emission of alpha, beta or gamma particles |
radioisotopes | radioactive isotopes |
what was the contibution of Henri Bequerel | discovered radioactivity |
who discovered raioactivity | henri bequerel |
Who discovered ratioactive elements | Perrie and Marie Curie |
what did Perrie and Marie curie discover | Radioactive element polonium and radium |
Name the three types of nuclear radiation | alpha radiation
beta radiation
Gamma radiation |
Describe the make up alpha particles | 2 protons and 2 neturons emitted by an radioactive isotope in an attempt to become stable.
identical to helium nucleus |
what occours when somthing undergoes alpha decay? | Atomic no. -2
mass no. -4
a new element is formed |
Describe alpha particles and give an application | Double positive charge
Relativity large mass
Slowest out of the types
Low penetrating power, not dangerous (piece of paper)
Attracted towards a negative plate
Americium 241- smoke detector |
Describe the make up of Beta perticles | electrons emitted by a radioactive isotope in an attempt to become stable
-1 negative charge |
Describe how beta decay occours | a netron in the nucleus splits into a proton and an electron. The proton remains in the nucleus but the electron is emitted as a beta particle |
What occours when an element undergoes beta radiation | atomic no. +1
no change in mass
new element formed |
describe the properties of beta particles and give an application | Negative charge
Low mass
Travel quickly
High penetrating power (5mm Aluminium)
Attracted to a positive plate in a magnetic field
Carbon-14 used in carbon dating |
What is Gamma radiation? | High energy electromagnetic radiation emotted by radioactive isotopes in an attempt to become stable |
What occours when an element undergoes gamma radiation? | the structure of the nucleus remains the same it loses energy to become more stable |
Describe the properties of gamma radiation and list an example | Electromagnetic radiation
No charged particles
No mass
High penetrating ability (thick lead)
Not effected by electric fields
Cobalt 60 used in radiotherapy |
compare chemical and nuclear reactions | Chemical
Involves electrons rather than the nucleus
No new element formed
No release of nuclear radiation
Chemical bonds broken and formed
Nuclear-
Involves nucleus
New element formed
Release of nuclear radiation
No chemical bonds broken and formed |
What is background radiation | ratiation naturally in the enviorment |
name sources of background radiation | radon gas from rocks
all food (plants absorbs radioactiv material)
cosmic rays from sun |
Name health hazard of radiation | alpha/beta/gamma are ionising.
In our clees they damage DNA, causing mutationd |
Name percautions when working with radiation. | Store in Lead container
minimse time spent
maxmise distance from them
wear ppe |
What instrument can detect radiation? | Geiger-Muller tube (G-M tube) |
What is half life | time taken for half of the nuclei in an radioisotope to decay |
Radioisotope uses | Smoke alarms: Americium 241-alpha
Carbon dating : Carbon 14- beta
Radiotherapy: Cobalt 60- Gamma |
Describe Carbon dating | All living things have a fixed amount of C12:C14 - The same as the atomsphere.
When th When the organism dies, the C-12 to C-14 ratio in the organism
will change as the carbon-14 decays and decrease. The new ratio and the half-life of carbon-14 can be used to
calculate the age of the organism/objects. |
What is transmutation | The changing of one element into a another |
What is the half life for americum 241? | 432 years… |