Back to AI Flashcard MakerChemistry /Chemistry - Radioactivity Flashcards Part 2

Chemistry - Radioactivity Flashcards Part 2

Chemistry29 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts and discoveries related to radioactivity, including types of radiation, properties of particles, and applications of radioisotopes.

Isotopes

atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass number
Tap or swipe ↕ to flip
Swipe ←→Navigate
1/29

Key Terms

Term
Definition
Isotopes
atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass number
Radioactivity
the spontaneous decay of a unstable nucleus with the emission of alpha, beta or gamma particles
radioisotopes
radioactive isotopes
what was the contibution of Henri Bequerel
discovered radioactivity
who discovered raioactivity
henri bequerel
Who discovered ratioactive elements
Perrie and Marie Curie

Related Flashcard Decks

Study Tips

  • Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
  • Review cards regularly to improve retention
  • Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
  • Share this deck with friends to study together
TermDefinition
Isotopes
atoms of the same element that have the same atomic number but different mass number
Radioactivity
the spontaneous decay of a unstable nucleus with the emission of alpha, beta or gamma particles
radioisotopes
radioactive isotopes
what was the contibution of Henri Bequerel
discovered radioactivity
who discovered raioactivity
henri bequerel
Who discovered ratioactive elements
Perrie and Marie Curie
what did Perrie and Marie curie discover
Radioactive element polonium and radium
Name the three types of nuclear radiation
alpha radiation beta radiation Gamma radiation
Describe the make up alpha particles
2 protons and 2 neturons emitted by an radioactive isotope in an attempt to become stable. identical to helium nucleus
what occours when somthing undergoes alpha decay?
Atomic no. -2 mass no. -4 a new element is formed
Describe alpha particles and give an application
Double positive charge Relativity large mass Slowest out of the types Low penetrating power, not dangerous (piece of paper) Attracted towards a negative plate Americium 241- smoke detector
Describe the make up of Beta perticles
electrons emitted by a radioactive isotope in an attempt to become stable -1 negative charge
Describe how beta decay occours
a netron in the nucleus splits into a proton and an electron. The proton remains in the nucleus but the electron is emitted as a beta particle
What occours when an element undergoes beta radiation
atomic no. +1 no change in mass new element formed
describe the properties of beta particles and give an application
Negative charge Low mass Travel quickly High penetrating power (5mm Aluminium) Attracted to a positive plate in a magnetic field Carbon-14 used in carbon dating
What is Gamma radiation?
High energy electromagnetic radiation emotted by radioactive isotopes in an attempt to become stable
What occours when an element undergoes gamma radiation?
the structure of the nucleus remains the same it loses energy to become more stable
Describe the properties of gamma radiation and list an example
Electromagnetic radiation No charged particles No mass High penetrating ability (thick lead) Not effected by electric fields Cobalt 60 used in radiotherapy
compare chemical and nuclear reactions
Chemical Involves electrons rather than the nucleus No new element formed No release of nuclear radiation Chemical bonds broken and formed Nuclear- Involves nucleus New element formed Release of nuclear radiation No chemical bonds broken and formed
What is background radiation
ratiation naturally in the enviorment
name sources of background radiation
radon gas from rocks all food (plants absorbs radioactiv material) cosmic rays from sun
Name health hazard of radiation
alpha/beta/gamma are ionising. In our clees they damage DNA, causing mutationd
Name percautions when working with radiation.
Store in Lead container minimse time spent maxmise distance from them wear ppe
What instrument can detect radiation?
Geiger-Muller tube (G-M tube)
What is half life
time taken for half of the nuclei in an radioisotope to decay
Radioisotope uses
Smoke alarms: Americium 241-alpha Carbon dating : Carbon 14- beta Radiotherapy: Cobalt 60- Gamma
Describe Carbon dating
All living things have a fixed amount of C12:C14 - The same as the atomsphere. When th When the organism dies, the C-12 to C-14 ratio in the organism will change as the carbon-14 decays and decrease. The new ratio and the half-life of carbon-14 can be used to calculate the age of the organism/objects.
What is transmutation
The changing of one element into a another
What is the half life for americum 241?
432 years…