Back to AI Flashcard MakerChemistry /Chemistry - The Periodic Table: Key Concepts and Historical Developments
Chemistry - The Periodic Table: Key Concepts and Historical Developments
This deck covers essential questions and answers about the periodic table, including historical figures, key concepts, and the development of the periodic table over time.
Who is known as the father of chemistry?
Robert Boyle (He defined a element)
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Who is known as the father of chemistry?
Robert Boyle (He defined a element)
What is an element?
A substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means
What did Humphrey Davy do?
Discovered many elements by passing electricity through compounds to split them into their element
Who proposed the idea of Triads?
Johann Dobereiner
What is a Triad?
A group of three element with similar chemical properties where the mass of the middle element element is equal to the average of the other two
Name two examples of Triads.
Li, Na, K Cl, Br, I
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Who is known as the father of chemistry? | Robert Boyle (He defined a element) |
What is an element? | A substance that cannot be broken down into anything simpler by chemical means |
What did Humphrey Davy do? | Discovered many elements by passing electricity through compounds to split them into their element |
Who proposed the idea of Triads? | Johann Dobereiner |
What is a Triad? | A group of three element with similar chemical properties where the mass of the middle element element is equal to the average of the other two |
Name two examples of Triads. | Li, Na, K Cl, Br, I |
Who tried arranging the element into octaves? | John Newlands |
What is Newlands Law of octaves? | When the elements were arranged in order of atomic mass. Every eight element had similar chemical properties |
Problems of Newlands Law of Octaves? | He tired to force all known elements into the pattern. Silver was included in the Alkali metals. Silver is unreactive He didn’t know that some elements hadn’t be discovered yet (Noble gasses) |
Who arranged the elements according to atomic weight? | Mendeleev |
Key aspects of Mendeleev’s periodic table? | Elements were grouped by similar properties. Elements were grouped in increasing atomic weight |
What Mendeleev did differently? | Left gaps in his table for undiscovered elements Reversed the other of some elements (more important to have elements with similar properties grouped together) |
What is Mendeleev’s Periodic law? | When elements are arranged in order of increasing atomic mass and elements with similar chemical properties are placed beneath each other, chemical properties repeat at regular intervals |
How was Mendeleev able to predict the properties of elements like gallium and germanium before they were discovered? | Because elements in the same group have similar properties, Mendeleev realised the undiscovered element would have similar properties to the other elements already in that group |
What is the atomic number? | The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom |
The Mass number? | The number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus of a atom |
Who discovered how to calculate the number of protons? | Henry Moseley |
What did Henry Mosley discover? | He discovered how to calculate the number of protons. Each element has a unique atomic number |
What is the Morden periodic law? | When elements are arranged in a order of increasing atomic number, the properties of the element reoccur periodically |
Differences between the Modern periodic table and Mendeleev’s periodic table? | Modern Arranged in increasing atomic number No gaps Transition metals have a different block Nobel gasses included Mendeleev’s Arranged in order of increasing weight Gaps left for undiscovered element No transition metal block No Nobel gasses |
What are Isotopes? | Atoms of the same element which have different mass numbers due to the different number of neutrons in the atom |
What is Relative atomic mass? | The average of the mass numbers of the Isotopes of the elements as they Occur naturally. Taking into account their abundances and expressed on a scale which the atoms of Carbon-12 isotope have exactly 12 units |
Molecule? | Two or more atoms chemically combined |
Name the functions of a mass spectrometer. | Identify the presence of isotopes and their abundances To measure Relative atomic masses and relative molecular masses Identify unknown compounds such as drugs Measure the relative abundance of isotopes |
How do you get RMM? | Add together the atomic masses of the atoms in a molecule |
What is the principle of mass spectrometer? | Positive ions separate based of their relative masses when moving in a magnetic field. The lighter the relative mass of the charged particle, the greater the radius of the circular path along which they are deflected |
Name the 5 processes that occur in mass spectrometry? | Vaporisation Iodisation Acceleration Separation Detection |
Describe Vaporisation. | A small amount of the sample is injected. As there is a vacuum, liquids turn to gasses |
Describe Ionisation. | Aroms of the vapourised elemet pass into an ionisation chamber and are converted into ions |
Describe acceleration. | The positive ions produced passes into an electric feild and are accelerated towards a magnetic feils |
Describe separation. | Ions are deflected as it passes through a magnetic field depending on atomic mass. Lighter ions are deflected more than heavier ions. This way they can be separated and identified. |
Describe Detection. | The positive ions hit the detector at the end of the mass spectrometer. Their abundances and mass are recorded on a computer |
How do you calculate Ar? | (%no. x mass no.) + (%no. x mass no.) / 100 |