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Chemistry /Edexcel A Level Chemistry: 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Part 1

Edexcel A Level Chemistry: 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Part 1

Chemistry30 CardsCreated 11 days ago

This deck covers key concepts from atomic structure and the periodic table, including subatomic particles, isotopes, mass spectrometry, and electron configurations.

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What are the subatomic particles in an atom?

Neutron, Proton and Electron
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are the subatomic particles in an atom?
Neutron, Proton and Electron
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
+
What is the relative charge of a proton?
0
What is the relative charge of a electron?
-
What is the atomic (proton) number?
The number of protons in the nucleus
What is the atomic mass number?
The number of protons + neutrons, also the relative atom mass
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Edexcel A Level Chemistry: 1: Atomic Structure and the Periodic Table Part 1
TermDefinition
What are the subatomic particles in an atom?
Neutron, Proton and Electron
What is the relative charge of a neutron?
+
What is the relative charge of a proton?
0
What is the relative charge of a electron?
-
What is the atomic (proton) number?
The number of protons in the nucleus
What is the atomic mass number?
The number of protons + neutrons, also the relative atom mass
What are isotopes?
Atoms of the same element with different number of neutrons, but the same number of protons and electrons
What is relative atomic mass?
The weighted mean mass of an atom of an element relative to 1/12th of the mass of Carbon12
What is relative isotopic mass?
The mass of an isotope relative to 1/12th of the mass of Carbon12
What does a mass spectrometer measure?
The masses of atoms and molecules (as well as the fragments that make up the molecule)
What are Molecular Ion Peaks (M+) used to determine?
An exact Relative Molecular Mass
What peak is the M+?
The strongest peak furthest to the right
When should the term ‘Relative Formula Mass’ be used?
For compounds with giant structures
In a Mass Spectrum of an element, what does the number of peaks show?
The number of isotopes
In a Mass Spectrum of an element, what does the M/z of a peak show?
The mass number of the isotope
In a Mass Spectrum of an element, what does the size of a peak show?
The relative abundance of an isotope
What are the 4 processes in a mass spectrometer?
Ionisation, Acceleration, Deflection and Detection
Why must a vacuum be used in a mass spectrometer?
It means no interference from atoms or molecules in air
What is M/z?
Mass to charge ratio, mass divided by charge
What does the position of an atom on the Mass Spectra depend on?
The amount of deflection, therefore the mass of the atom.
What are quantum shells?
Defined energy levels, filled from the inside out
What are orbitals?
Subshells of the quantum shells, where electrons exist, a pattern of electron density
What shape is the S orbital?
Spherical
How many electrons can an S orbital hold?
2, with a 90% probability of finding them in its boundary
What shape are P orbitals?
'Dumbbell' shape
What are the names of the 3 P orbitals?
Px, Py and Pz
How many electrons can the P orbitals hold in total?
6
Why is the 4s orbital filled before the 3d orbital?
Because it is slightly lower in energy
How many electrons do the D orbitals hold in total?
10
How many electrons fill the first quantum shell?
2