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GCSE Chemistry 11L1: 1.7 Earth and Atmosphere
This deck covers key concepts related to the Earth's structure, atmosphere, and geological processes, including theories of continental drift, atmospheric composition changes, and plate tectonics.
Who was Alfred Wegener?
He was a German meteorologist who came up with the theory of continental drift.
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Who was Alfred Wegener?
He was a German meteorologist who came up with the theory of continental drift.
What was the name of the experiment which carried out in the 1900s which was trying to find the original creation of amino acids?
The Miller-Urey experiment.
What process converted lots of the carbon dioxide in the primitive air into oxygen from today’s atmosphere?
Photosynthesis.
Why do plates move?
Radioactive decay in the core heats up the mantle. This sets up convection currents as warm magma rises to the surface and then cools again falling ba...
What are the four layers of the earth's structure?
Inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust.
What were the main gases present in the earth's early atmosphere?
Carbon dioxide, water vapour, ammonia, and methane.
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Who was Alfred Wegener? | He was a German meteorologist who came up with the theory of continental drift. |
What was the name of the experiment which carried out in the 1900s which was trying to find the original creation of amino acids? | The Miller-Urey experiment. |
What process converted lots of the carbon dioxide in the primitive air into oxygen from today’s atmosphere? | Photosynthesis. |
Why do plates move? | Radioactive decay in the core heats up the mantle. This sets up convection currents as warm magma rises to the surface and then cools again falling back down before repeating this process. This causes the plates to move slowly just a few cm per year. |
What are the four layers of the earth's structure? | Inner core, outer core, mantle, and crust. |
What were the main gases present in the earth's early atmosphere? | Carbon dioxide, water vapour, ammonia, and methane. |
How was the amount of carbon dioxide decreased in the early atmosphere? | Photosynthesis and it was dissolved in the ocean. |
How are the gases that make up air separated? | Fractional distillation. |
What current is responsible for the movement of the Earth's plates? | Convectional Currents. |
What did the electrical spark in the Miller-Urey experiments replicate? | Lightning. |
What was the name of the supercontinent that broke up into the world we know today? | Pangaea. |
What effect does sulphur dioxide have on the earth? | Global Dimming. |
Why is there uncertainty about the Miller-Urey experiment? | It was an experiment on a much smaller scale. We are not certain of the conditions. |
What is coal made from? | Dead plants that have been buried and have had high amounts of pressure compress them. |
What could a rise in global temperatures affect? | Sea levels. |
What is the Earth's core made up of? | Mainly iron, but the outer core contains an Iron-Nickel alloy. |
Where do volcanoes and earthquakes tend to lie/happen? | Along plate boundaries and faults. |
What is the main gas that is released when a volcano erupts that can cause a lot of problems? | Sulphur Dioxide. |
What is the earth's surface made up of? | Tectonic plates. |
What two metals do we think the core of the earth is made up of? | Iron and nickel. |
How far do plates move in one year? | A few cm. |
What was the main gas in the earth's atmosphere 4.5 billion years ago? | Carbon dioxide. |
What are the two main gases in the atmosphere today? | Nitrogen and oxygen. |
What is the term used when green plants convert carbon dioxide to oxygen? | Photosynthesis. |
What is the layer of earth that humans live on? | The crust. |
What is the oxygen layer in the atmosphere that is used to block out UV rays? | Ozone layer. |
Where do volcanoes and earthquakes usually occur? | Plate boundaries and hot spots. |
What causes the plates to move? | Convection currents. |
How has the amount of carbon dioxide decreased in the Earth's atmosphere? | The carbon dioxide became locked up in fossil fuels and sedimentary rocks. |
What caused the amount of oxygen in the atmosphere to increase? | Photosynthesis. |
What caused the level of CO2 to decrease since the earth's early atmosphere? | Photosynthesis | Oceans. |
What were the main gases in the earth's early atmosphere? | Methane, CO2, ammonia, and water vapour. |
What causes plates to move, and where does it occur? | Convection currents in the mantle. |