General Chemistry 1 Exam 1 Study Guide

A sample of matter, either a single element or a single compound, that has definite chemical and physical properties

A combination of two or more substances that are not chemically combined

A molecule composed of one kind of atom; cannot be broken into simpler units by chemical reactions.

A substance made up of atoms of two or more different elements joined by chemical bonds

a characteristic of a substance that does not involve a chemical change, such as density, color, or hardness

a property of matter that describes a substance's ability to participate in chemical reactions

solid: fixed volume and shape

liquid: fixed volume, no fixed shape

gas: no fixed volume or shape

observations are made and from those observations hypothesis and laws are made and then are retested by experiments and may be revised, and if enough hypothesis become well established they can form a theory which is then retested and if needed revised

What is seen or measured

A proposed, scientifically testable explanation for an observed phenomenon.

a model for what nature is and why, formed by one or more well established hypothesis

An investigation done in order to make a discovery or test a hypothesis

a brief statement that summarizes past observations and predicts future ones

Describes what happens: observation, law Describes why things happen: hypothesis, theory Applies to single/small # of events: observation, hypothesis Applies to al events: law, theory

kilogram (kg)

meter (m)

second (s)

Kelvin (K)

mole (mol)

10^-12

10^-9

10^-6

10^-3

10^-2

10^-1

10^3

10^6

0.264

2.2046

0.622

2.54

1

cubic meter (m^3)

kilogram per meter cuber (kg/m^3)

D=m/v

274.15 (C+273.15)

0 (C=(F-32)*5/9)

how close measurements are to the mean

how close measurements are to the actual value or target

(2πr)H

3/4πr^3

L^3

LWH

the mass of the reactants will be the same as the mass of the products

all samples of a given compound have the same ratio of components

mass % of each element in a compound is fixed

when two elements form more than one compound, the masses of one element that combine with the same mass of the other element are in the ratio of small, whole numbers

the sum of the number of neutrons and protons in an atomic nucleus

(chemistry) the mass (in atomic mass units) of an isotope of an element

weighted average of the atomic masses for the isotopes of an element

Number of protons

atomic mass=(percent abundance)*(amu)+ percent abundance and masses of other isotopoes

(% intensity you wish to find the percent abundance of/ sum of all percent intensities on spectrum) * 100

(https://quizlet.com/64089/elements-of-the-periodic-table-and-their-symbols-flash-cards/)

(i will have a periodic table and show you were i think the metals are and you tell me if I am correct from the answer key)(hydrogen is not a metal)

(orange ones are nonmetals)

(greens are metalloids)

(rules of sevens starting from flourine 3 left and 4 down) ( also hydrogen is diatomic)

6.022*10^23 things (in this case atoms of an element)

the mass of one mole of a pure substance, also the atomic mass in grams

metals and nonmetals

nonmetals and nonmetals

several atoms attached together by covalent bonds into one ion, so basically a covalently bound compound with a charge

1. write metal cation with charge

2. write nonmetal anion with charge

3. charge (without -/+ sign) becomes subscript fro other ion

4. reduce subscripts to smallest whole number ratio

5. check that sum of charges of anions and cations cancel eachother out

just use the metal name

use the metal name then put the charge in roman numerals in parenthesis next to it iron(III)

use the stem of the nonmetal name with the suffix -ide carbon=carbide

add the hydrogen- perefix and add 1 to the charge

oxoanions

give in a per- prefix

change the -ate suffix to -ite

replace the -ate with -ite and give it a hypo- prefix

the center 4 oxoanions and tellurate have a max of 4 oxygens

=(x(-2))+main group column number with x being the number of oxygens

ammonium

ionic compounds with a sepcific number of waters

(never use mon- for the first element) (drop last a if name begins with a vowel)