Education /HOSA: Med Term Digestive Part 4
s/s: IBD
abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue, fever, rectal bleeding, enteropathic arthritis, diarrhea
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
s/s: IBD
abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue, fever, rectal bleeding, enteropathic arthritis, diarrhea
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describe: ULCERATIVE COLITIS
autoimmune; chronic inflammation of rectum & large intestines --> ulcers & irritation. Only affects innermost lining & increase risk for colon cancer
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describe: CROHN'S DISEASE
autoimmune; inflammation of anywhere in GI tract (gen ileum & colon); affect every layer of tissue --> scarring & thickening --> blockage
define INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
part/complete blockage of either intestine from physical object
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cause: intestinal obstruction
scar tissue, tumor, bezoar (indigestible materials)
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describe STRANGULATING OBSTRUCTION
blood to intestines blocked --> necrosis, gangrene, perforation
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
s/s: IBD | abdominal pain, weight loss, fatigue, fever, rectal bleeding, enteropathic arthritis, diarrhea |
describe: ULCERATIVE COLITIS | autoimmune; chronic inflammation of rectum & large intestines --> ulcers & irritation. Only affects innermost lining & increase risk for colon cancer |
describe: CROHN'S DISEASE | autoimmune; inflammation of anywhere in GI tract (gen ileum & colon); affect every layer of tissue --> scarring & thickening --> blockage |
define INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION | part/complete blockage of either intestine from physical object |
cause: intestinal obstruction | scar tissue, tumor, bezoar (indigestible materials) |
describe STRANGULATING OBSTRUCTION | blood to intestines blocked --> necrosis, gangrene, perforation |
define INTESTINAL ADHESIONS | fibrous bands band intestines together bc of trauma/inflammation |
define INTUSSUSCEPTION | folding of 1 part of intestine into opening of adjacent section |
define VOLVULUS | twisting of intestine |
define STRANGULATED HERNIA | intestine in hernia constricted --> ischemia |
define CLOSTRIDIUM DIFFICILE | bacterial infection causing diarrhea & inflammation of colon |
define DYSENTERY | bacterial infection spread thru food/H2O contaminated w/feces |
cause: e. coli | bacteria thru poorly cooked food |
salmonellosis is also known as | salmonella |
cause: salmonellosis | transmit via feces; eating undercooked meat, seafood, eggs, unpasteurized dairy |
define CONSTIPATION | < 3 bowel movements/wk; stool hard, dry, small, & difficult to dry |
cause: constipation | lack of fiber, disease, medication, pelvic floor dysfunction |
define HEMORRHOIDS | cluster of veins, muscles, tissue slip near/thru anal opening & varicose veins of anus |
s/s: hemorrhoids | pain, fecal leakage, itching, bleeding |
define RECTOCELE | bulging/herniation of front wall of rectum into vaginal wall |
rectocele is also called | rectal prolapse |
cause: rectocele | birth, pregnancy |
define HEMATOCHEZIA | bright red blood in stool (bleed lower GI) |
define MELENA | black, tarry, foul smelling stools from digested blood from bleeding in upper GI |
describe STEATORRHEA | excess fat in stool --> frothy & foul-smelling stools |
cause: steatorrhea | pancreatic disease, removal of gallbladder, malabsorption disorders |
define ASCITES | abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in peritoneal cavity |
cause: ascites | gen severe liver disease |
define HEPATITIS | inflammation of liver from viral infection; leading cause of liver cancer & transplants |
define HEPATITIS A | highly contagious & acute from contaminated food & H2O w/infected feces; vaccine |
define HEPATITIS B | bloodborne disease & chronic; transmit via bodily fluids; vaccine, potentially fatal |
define HEPATITIS C | bloodborne disease & chronic; transmit via bodily fluids; asymptomatic for years & destroy liver; no vaccine, potentially fatal |
describe CIRRHOSIS | chronic degenerative disease of liver w/scarring; fills w/fat --> other issues |
cause: cirrhosis | excessive alcohol, drug, medication use, hepatits B or C |
describe NONALCOHOLIC STEATOHEPATITIS (NASH) | more serious version of NAFLD; fatty accumulations + liver inflammation --> cirrhosis, irreversible scarring, cancer |
describe NONALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE (NAFLD) | accumuleadinglation of fat in liver not bc of alcohol; leading liver disorder in US |
define CHOLANGITIS | acute inflammation of bile duct |
cause: cholangitis | generally bacterial infection |
s/s: cholangitis | pain in RUQ, fever, jaundice |
define CHOLECYSTITIS | inflammation of gallbladder; associate w/gallstones |
define GALLSTONES | hard deposit from concentration of bile in gallbladder & ducts |
gallstones are also called | cholelith |
define ANAL FISTULA | abnormal passageway between anus & skin near anus |
cause: anal fistula | infection --> bascess |
define CHOLELITHIASIS | abnormal condition of stones in gallbladder |
define PERIODONTAL DISEASE | inflammation & degneration of gums, teeth, & bone |
define JAUNDICE | yellowing of skin/tissue bc of high bilirubin |