Education /HOSA: Med Term Nerves & Special Senses pt 2 Part 1
describe MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)
progressive autoimmune disease where inflammation causes demyelination of myelin sheath leading to plaque which scars the brain, cord, & optic nerve disrupting transmission
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
describe MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS)
progressive autoimmune disease where inflammation causes demyelination of myelin sheath leading to plaque which scars the brain, cord, & optic nerve d...
MS leads to what effects/issues
pain, physical & cognitive problems, weakness/numbness in limbs, unsteady gait, uncoordinated movements, fatigue
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describe BELL’S PALSY
temporary paralysis of 7th cranial thought to be caused by virus leading to paralysis of face on affected side; inability to close eye, pain, tearing,...
describe GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (GBS)
inflammation of myelin sheath of many peripheral nerves (polyneuritis) caused by duration/recovery of infectious disease or autoimmune response after ...
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describe NEURITIS
inflammation of nerve leading to pain & loss of function
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describe SCIATICA
inflammation of sciatica nerve from pressure on nerve roots leading to pain, burning, & tingling thru thigh/leg/foot
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
describe MULTIPLE SCLEROSIS (MS) | progressive autoimmune disease where inflammation causes demyelination of myelin sheath leading to plaque which scars the brain, cord, & optic nerve disrupting transmission |
MS leads to what effects/issues | pain, physical & cognitive problems, weakness/numbness in limbs, unsteady gait, uncoordinated movements, fatigue |
describe BELL’S PALSY | temporary paralysis of 7th cranial thought to be caused by virus leading to paralysis of face on affected side; inability to close eye, pain, tearing, drooling, hypersensitivity to sound in affected ear, taste impairment |
describe GUILLAIN-BARRE SYNDROME (GBS) | inflammation of myelin sheath of many peripheral nerves (polyneuritis) caused by duration/recovery of infectious disease or autoimmune response after viral infection/vaccines leading to rapid extremity muscle weakness & temporary paralysis |
describe NEURITIS | inflammation of nerve leading to pain & loss of function |
describe SCIATICA | inflammation of sciatica nerve from pressure on nerve roots leading to pain, burning, & tingling thru thigh/leg/foot |
describe TRIGEMINAL NEURALGIA | chronic pain condition from inflammation of 5th cranial nerve leading to severe lightning-like pain in gums, cheek, & lips |
describe CEREBRAL PALSY | group of disorders common in premature/low birth weight infants from a brain condition/injury during pregnancy, birth, or postpartum; s/s: poor muscle control, spasticity, speech defects, neurological deficiencies, poor muscle tone & movement |
describe SEIZURE | sudden surge of electrical activity affecting feeling, actions, & physical/mental changes from fever, brain injury/lesions, or other disorders |
describe TONIC-CLONIC SEIZURE | body rigid (tonic) w/uncontrollable jerking (clonic); generally epileptic |
aka: tonic-clonic seizure | grand mal seizure |
describe ABSENCE SEIZURE | brief disturbance in function causing brief, sudden lapses of consciousness leading to vacant staring for about 10-15 sec; gen kids |
describe FOCAL SEIZURE | abnormal electrical activity in at least 1 part of hemisphere; absence seizure symptoms + some repetitive muscle movement |
aka: focal seizure | partial seizure |
describe FEBRILE SEIZURE | tonic-clonic seizure in infants & young kids caused by fever & gen outgrown by 5 yrs |
define SUDDEN UNEXPECTED DEATH IN EPILEPSY (SUDEP) | epileptic patient death during/following seizure w/causes being unknown, respiratory failure, or arrhythmias |
define CAUSALGIA | persistent, severe burning pain after sensory nerve injury |
describe COMPLEX REGIONAL PAIN SYNDROME CRPS) | chronic nerve pain of 1 limb after injury causing change in skin color, temperature, & swelling |
define HYPERESTHESIA | abnormal & excessive sensitivity to pain, touch, & other sensory stimuli |
describe PARESTHESIA | burning/prickling/numbness/tingling w/o apparent physical cause, caused by irritation/injury to sensory nerves/nerve roots; can be symptom of peripheral neuropathy/drug side effect |
define PERIPHERAL NEUROPATHY | disorder of peripheral nerves from diabetes, hypothyroidism, or other conditions leading to pain, loss of sensation & no muscle control (esp in hands & feet) |
describe RESTLESS LEGS SYNDROME (RLS) | uncomfortable feelings in legs leading to urge to move generally at night or when trying to rest bc of an unknown cause |
define ANXIETY DISORDERS | excessive irrational dread of everyday things/out of proportion fear, worry, or nervousness |
describe GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER (GAD) | chronic, excessive worrying that is not restricted to specific thing; s/s: muscle tension, sleep disturbances, irritability, trouble concentrating, restlessness, heart palpitations, chest pain, tremors, sweating, nausea, & headaches |
describe PANIC ATTACK | unexpected, sudden fear during no danger associated w/unneeded activation of flight or fight; s/s: heart palpitations, shortness of breath, chest tightness, dizziness, sweating, nausea, feelings of unreality, & choking sensation |
describe PANIC DISORDER (PD) | sudden & recurring attacks of intense anxiety & fear/fear of panic attacks that cause the development of other phobias; s/s: imitate heart attack & sense of loss of control |
define POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER (PTSD) | emotional numbing, hyperarousal, anxiety, sleep disorders, & persistent reliving of event after event of intense fear, helplessness, or horror |
describe PHOBIA | persistent, irrational fear of specific thing that causes significant distress, interferes w/function, & leads to avoidance |
define ACROPHOBIA | fear of heights |
define AGORAPHOBIA | fear of environments where panic attack might happen |