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Back to AI Flashcard MakerAdvanced Placement /LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 2 - Diffusion/Osmosis/Active Transport Part 2

LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 2 - Diffusion/Osmosis/Active Transport Part 2

Advanced Placement20 CardsCreated 27 days ago

This deck covers key concepts of diffusion, osmosis, and active transport, focusing on facilitated diffusion, active transport mechanisms, and bulk transport processes.

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What does facilitated diffusion allow to move across a membrane?

  • larger molecules

  • lipid insoluble molecules

  • small charged particles

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Key Terms

Term
Definition

What does facilitated diffusion allow to move across a membrane?

  • larger molecules

  • lipid insoluble molecules

  • small charged particles

Give an example of a small charged particle that moves across membranes via facilitated diffusion
Na+
Give an example of a large molecule that moves across membranes via facilitated diffusion
Glucose or amino acids
What happens to carrier proteins when a specific molecule binds to them?
They change shape
How do protein channels allow charged particles to move through the membrane?
They provide a hydrophilic channel for charged particles

What are the 5 factors which affect the rate of facilitated diffusion?

  • temperature

  • concentration gradient

  • membrane surface area

  • membrane thickness

  • num...

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LGS A-Level OCR Biology - Unit 2 - Diffusion/Osmosis/Active Transport Part 2
TermDefinition

What does facilitated diffusion allow to move across a membrane?

  • larger molecules

  • lipid insoluble molecules

  • small charged particles

Give an example of a small charged particle that moves across membranes via facilitated diffusion
Na+
Give an example of a large molecule that moves across membranes via facilitated diffusion
Glucose or amino acids
What happens to carrier proteins when a specific molecule binds to them?
They change shape
How do protein channels allow charged particles to move through the membrane?
They provide a hydrophilic channel for charged particles

What are the 5 factors which affect the rate of facilitated diffusion?

  • temperature

  • concentration gradient

  • membrane surface area

  • membrane thickness

  • number of channel proteins

Which type of movement of particles requires ATP?
Active transport | Bulk transport
What does active transport require to occur?
ATP | Carrier proteins

Describe how active transport occurs with aid of a carrier protein

  • molecules/ions bind to receptors in the channel of the carrier protein

  • ATP binds to the opposite side of the carrier protein

  • ATP is hydrolysed to form ADP and phosphate

  • the phosphate molecule binds to the phosphate molecule to the carrier protein causes the protein to change shape

  • carrier protein opens, allowing molecules through

  • phosphate molecule is released and recombines with ADP to form ATP

  • carrier protein returns to original shape

Why is active transport considered to be selective?
-specific substances are transported by specific carrier proteins
Define endocytosis
the bulk transport of material into cells
Define pinocytosis
the bulk transport of liquids into cells
Define phagocytosis
the bulk transport of solids into cells, most commonly the process by which white blood cells engulf pathogens
Define exocytosis
the bulk transport of materials out of a cell
Does bulk transport require ATP?
Yes
Why would a molecule be moved by bulk transport?
It is too big for channel or carrier proteins
Name 3 things which are moved by bulk transport
Enzymes, hormones, bacteria
Outline how phagocytosis occurs
the cell surface membrane invaginates when it comes into contact with a bacterium the membrane then enfolds around the bacterium forming a vesicle around it the vesicle then pinches off and moves into the cytoplasm towards lysosomes
Outline how exocytosis occurs
vesicles are usually formed by the golgi apparatus vesicles move towards and fuse with the cell surface membrane contents of the vesicle are then released outside of a cell
Name an example of exocytosis
Excretion