Back to AI Flashcard MakerChemistry /Milady Ch. 12 Chemistry Part 1
acidic solution
a solution that has a pH below 7.0
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
acidic solution
a solution that has a pH below 7.0
alkaline solution
a solution that has a pH above 7.0
alkalis
also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts
alkanolamines
alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products
alpha hydroxy acids
abbreviated AHA's; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate skin
ammonia
colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
acidic solution | a solution that has a pH below 7.0 |
alkaline solution | a solution that has a pH above 7.0 |
alkalis | also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts |
alkanolamines | alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products |
alpha hydroxy acids | abbreviated AHA's; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate skin |
ammonia | colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen |
anion | an ion with a negative electrical charge |
atoms | the smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element |
cation | an ion with a positive electrical charge |
chemical change | a change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance |
chemical properties | characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance |
chemistry | science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions |
combustion | rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light |
compound molecules | also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions |
electrons | subatomic particles with a negative charge |
element | the simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity |
elemental molecule | molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions |
emulsifier | an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend |
emulsion | an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier |
exothermic reactions | chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat |
glycerin | sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams |
glycolic acid | an alpha hydroxyl acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products |
immiscible | liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions |
inorganic chemistry | the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen; are not, and never were, alive |
ion | an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge |
ionization | the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions |
lipophilic | having an affinity for or an attraction to fats and oils (oil-loving) |
logarithm | multiples of 10 |
matter | any substance that occupies space and has mass |
miscible | liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning they can be mixed together to form stable solutions |