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Milady Ch. 12 Chemistry Part 1

Chemistry30 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts from Chapter 12 of Milady's Chemistry, focusing on basic chemistry terms and definitions relevant to beauty and hair care.

acidic solution

a solution that has a pH below 7.0
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
acidic solution
a solution that has a pH below 7.0
alkaline solution
a solution that has a pH above 7.0
alkalis
also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts
alkanolamines
alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products
alpha hydroxy acids
abbreviated AHA's; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate skin
ammonia
colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen

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TermDefinition
acidic solution
a solution that has a pH below 7.0
alkaline solution
a solution that has a pH above 7.0
alkalis
also known as bases; compounds that react with acids to form salts
alkanolamines
alkaline substances used to neutralize acids or raise the pH of many hair products
alpha hydroxy acids
abbreviated AHA's; acids derived from plants (mostly fruit) that are often used to exfoliate skin
ammonia
colorless gas with a pungent odor that is composed of hydrogen and nitrogen
anion
an ion with a negative electrical charge
atoms
the smallest chemical components (often called particles) of an element; structures that make up the element and have the same properties of the element
cation
an ion with a positive electrical charge
chemical change
a change in the chemical composition or make-up of a substance
chemical properties
characteristics that can only be determined by a chemical reaction and a chemical change in the substance
chemistry
science that deals with the composition, structures, and properties of matter and how matter changes under different conditions
combustion
rapid oxidation of a substance accompanied by the production of heat and light
compound molecules
also known as compounds; a chemical combination of two or more atoms of different elements in definite (fixed) proportions
electrons
subatomic particles with a negative charge
element
the simplest form of chemical matter; an element cannot be broken down into a simpler substance without a loss of identity
elemental molecule
molecule containing two or more atoms of the same element in definite (fixed) proportions
emulsifier
an ingredient that brings two normally incompatible materials together and binds them into a uniform and fairly stable blend
emulsion
an unstable physical mixture of two or more immiscible substances (substances that normally will not stay blended) plus a special ingredient called an emulsifier
exothermic reactions
chemical reactions that release a significant amount of heat
glycerin
sweet, colorless, oily substance used as a solvent and as a moisturizer in skin and body creams
glycolic acid
an alpha hydroxyl acid used in exfoliation and to lower the pH of products
immiscible
liquids that are not capable of being mixed together to form stable solutions
inorganic chemistry
the study of substances that do not contain the element carbon, but may contain the element hydrogen; are not, and never were, alive
ion
an atom or molecule that carries an electrical charge
ionization
the separation of an atom or molecule into positive and negative ions
lipophilic
having an affinity for or an attraction to fats and oils (oil-loving)
logarithm
multiples of 10
matter
any substance that occupies space and has mass
miscible
liquids that are mutually soluble, meaning they can be mixed together to form stable solutions