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Milady Ch. 12 Chemistry Part 2

Chemistry26 CardsCreated 4 months ago

This deck covers key concepts from Milady Chapter 12, focusing on chemistry topics such as molecules, pH, and emulsions.

molecule

a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
molecule
a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions
neutrons
subatomic particles with no charge
oil-in-water emulsions
abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water
organic chemistry
the study of substances that contain the element carbon; is, or was at one time, alive
oxidation
a chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide
oxidation-reduction
also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxy...

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TermDefinition
molecule
a chemical combination of two or more atoms in definite (fixed) proportions
neutrons
subatomic particles with no charge
oil-in-water emulsions
abbreviated O/W emulsion; oil droplets emulsified in water
organic chemistry
the study of substances that contain the element carbon; is, or was at one time, alive
oxidation
a chemical reaction that combines a substance with oxygen to produce an oxide
oxidation-reduction
also known as redox; a chemical reaction in which the oxidizing agent is reduced (by losing oxygen) and the reducing agent is oxidized (by gaining oxygen)
oxidizing agent
substance that release oxygen
pH
the abbreviation used for potential hydrogen; pH represents the quantity of hydrogen ions
pH scale
a measure of the acidity and alkalinity of a substance; the pH scale has a range of 0-14, with 7 being neutral. a pH below 7 is an acidic solution, a pH above 7 is an alkaline solution
physical change
a change in the form or physical properties of a substance without a chemical reaction or the creation of a new substance
physical mixture
a physical combination of matter in any proportion
physical properties
characteristics that can be determined without a chemical reaction and that do not cause a chemical change in the substance
protons
subatomic particles with a positive charge
pure substance
a chemical combination of matter in definite (fixed) proportions
reducing agent
a substance that adds hydrogen to a chemical compound or subtracts oxygen from a compound
silicones
special type of oil used in hair conditioners, water-resistant lubricants for the skin, and nail polish dryers
solute
the substance that is dissolved in a solution
solution
a stable physical mixture of two or more substances
solvent
the substance that dissolves the solute and makes a solution
states of matter
the three different physical forms of matter: solid, liquid, and gas
surfactants
a contraction of surface active agents; substances that allow oil and water to mix, or emulsify
suspensions
unstable physical mixtures of undissolved particles in liquid
thioglycolic acid
a colorless liquid or white crystals with a strong unpleasant odor that is used in permanent waving solutions
volatile alcohols
alcohols that evaporate easily
volatile organic compounds
abbreviated VOCs; compounds that contain carbon (organic) and evaporate easily (volatile)
water-in-oil emulsion
abbreviated W/O emulsion; water droplets emulsified in oil