OCR A-Level Chemistry: Chapter 27 - Amines, Amino Acids and Polymers
This flashcard set distinguishes between aliphatic and aromatic amines, explains their basic behavior via nitrogen’s lone pair donation, and outlines the two-step synthesis of primary amines using haloalkanes and ammonia—with excess ammonia to drive the reaction.
What is the difference between an aliphatic amine and an aromatic amine?
Aliphatic - nitrogen is attached to at least one straight or branched carbon chain
Aromatic - nitrogen is attached to an aromatic ring
Key Terms
What is the difference between an aliphatic amine and an aromatic amine?
Aliphatic - nitrogen is attached to at least one straight or branched carbon chain
Aromatic - nitrogen is attached to...
What do amines often behave as?
Bases
How do amines behave as bases?
Nitrogen donates electron pair to H+
For the formation of primary amines, what is reacted together in the two steps?
Haloalkane and ammonia
Salt and sodium hydroxide
In primary amine formation, what is in excess and why?
Ammonia in excess
Prevents product from reacting with more of the haloalkane
In primary amine formation, what is the purpose of ethanol?
Solvent
Prevents substitution of haloalkane by water to produce alcohols
Related Flashcard Decks
Study Tips
- Press F to enter focus mode for distraction-free studying
- Review cards regularly to improve retention
- Try to recall the answer before flipping the card
- Share this deck with friends to study together
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is the difference between an aliphatic amine and an aromatic amine? | Aliphatic - nitrogen is attached to at least one straight or branched carbon chain |
What do amines often behave as? | Bases |
How do amines behave as bases? | Nitrogen donates electron pair to H+ |
For the formation of primary amines, what is reacted together in the two steps? | Haloalkane and ammonia Salt and sodium hydroxide |
In primary amine formation, what is in excess and why? | Ammonia in excess Prevents product from reacting with more of the haloalkane |
In primary amine formation, what is the purpose of ethanol? | Solvent Prevents substitution of haloalkane by water to produce alcohols |
What are the two steps of forming a secondary amine from a primary amine? | Primary amine + CH3Br and ethanol as solvent Salt product + NaOH forms secondary amine |
How is phenylamine made from nitrobenzene? | Nitrobenzene heated under reflux with tin and HCl to form ammonium salt |
What do tin and HCl act as in formation of phenylamine from nitrobenzene? | Reducing agent |
What is the general structure of an alpha amino acid? | Carbon attached to four groups: H, R, NH2 and COOH |
Which two groups must amino acids contain? | Amine Carboxyl |
What is present in ester formation from amino acid? | Alcohol + amino acid |
What is the purpose of NaOH in amino acid esterification? | Free the base from the HSO4- salt of H2N- group |
Amino acids are amphoteric, what does this mean? | Have acidic and basic properties |
How can amino acids act as a base and an acid? | NH2 group acts as a base COOH group acts as an acid |
How are amides formed? | Reaction of acyl chloride with ammonia/amines |
What do optical isomers have in common? | Same physical properties |
What do optical isomers do? | Rotate plane-polarised light |
What are the two monomer types that form polyesters? | Diols Dicarboxylic acids |
How can polyesters be formed from one monomer? | One end has alcohol Other end has carboxyl |
What is condensation polymerisation? | Joining of monomers with loss of a small molecule, usually water or HCl |
How can polyamides be formed from two monomers? | Diamine Dicarboxylic acid |
How can polyamides be formed from just one monomer? | Amino acids contain a carboxylic acid and amine group |
What is the common name for polyamides made from two monomers? | Nylon |
What is required to undergo acid hydrolysis? | Excess HCl | H2O |
What is formed from polyester undergoing acid hydrolysis? | Diol | Dicarboxylic acid |
What is required to undergo base hydrolysis? | Excess NaOH |
What is formed from polyester undergoing base hydrolysis? | Diol | Salt of dicarboxylic acid |
What is formed from acid hydrolysis of polyamide? | Diammonium salt | Dicarboxylic acid |
What is formed from base hydrolysis of polyamide? | Diamine | Salt of dicarboxylic acid |
How does addition polymerisation differ from condensation polymerisation with monomers? | Addition - monomer contains C=C bond | Condensation - two monomers with two functional groups or one monomer with two different functional groups |
How does addition polymerisation differ from condensation polymerisation with backbone? | Addition - backbone of polymer is -C-C- bond | Condensation - polymer back bone contains ester or amide groups |