Back to AI Flashcard MakerChemistry /OCR A-Level Chemistry: Chapter 5 - Electrons and Bonding Part 1

OCR A-Level Chemistry: Chapter 5 - Electrons and Bonding Part 1

Chemistry15 CardsCreated 2 months ago

A flashcard deck covering the basics of electron shells, atomic orbitals, and orbital filling rules.

What are shells regarded as?

Energy levels
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are shells regarded as?
Energy levels
What happens to energy as the shell number increases?
Energy increases
What is the shell number referred to as?
Principal quantum number
What are shells made up of?
Atomic orbitals
How many electrons can be held in an orbital?
One or two, no more.
What can an electron be thought of as?
A negative-charge cloud with the shape of the orbital, called an electron cloud.

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TermDefinition
What are shells regarded as?
Energy levels
What happens to energy as the shell number increases?
Energy increases
What is the shell number referred to as?
Principal quantum number
What are shells made up of?
Atomic orbitals
How many electrons can be held in an orbital?
One or two, no more.
What can an electron be thought of as?
A negative-charge cloud with the shape of the orbital, called an electron cloud.

What are the different orbitals?

S-orbitals
P-orbitals
D-orbitals
F-orbitals

How many orbitals does each type contain?

S - one
P - three
D - five
F - seven

How many electrons can be held in each orbital type?

S - two
P - six
D - ten
F - fourteen

What is the shape of an s-orbital?
Spherical
What is the shape of a p-orbital?
Dumbbell

What are the rules of orbital fillings?

Orbitals fill in order of increasing energy.
Electrons pair with opposite spins.
Orbitals with the same energy are occupied singly first.

Explain the rule of orbitals filling in order of increasing energy

1s is filled first.
For n=2 shell, filling order is: 2s, 2p
For n=3 shell, filling order is 3s, 3p, 3d

Where does this rule cause confusion?

The 3d sub-shell has higher energy than the 4s.

So the 4s fills before the 3d.

Explain the rule of electrons pairing with opposite spins

Electrons are negatively charged and repel one another.
Electrons can have spin up or spin down.
If electrons have opposite spin, the charge repulsion is counteracted enough for both to be in the orbital.