What are shells regarded as?
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What are shells regarded as? | Energy levels |
What happens to energy as the shell number increases? | Energy increases |
What is the shell number referred to as? | Principal quantum number |
What are shells made up of? | Atomic orbitals |
How many electrons can be held in an orbital? | One or two, no more. |
What can an electron be thought of as? | A negative-charge cloud with the shape of the orbital, called an electron cloud. |
What are the different orbitals? | S-orbitals |
How many orbitals does each type contain? | S - one |
How many electrons can be held in each orbital type? | S - two |
What is the shape of an s-orbital? | Spherical |
What is the shape of a p-orbital? | Dumbbell |
What are the rules of orbital fillings? | Orbitals fill in order of increasing energy. |
Explain the rule of orbitals filling in order of increasing energy | 1s is filled first. |
Where does this rule cause confusion? | The 3d sub-shell has higher energy than the 4s. So the 4s fills before the 3d. |
Explain the rule of electrons pairing with opposite spins | Electrons are negatively charged and repel one another. |