What is an acid?
Key Terms
What is a strong acid?
Releases all of its hydrogen atoms into solution.
It completely dissociates in aqueous ...
What is a weak acid?
Releases a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms into solution.
It partially dissociates in aqueous soluti...
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
What is an acid? | When dissolved in water, it will release hydrogen ions as protons into the solution. |
What is a strong acid? | Releases all of its hydrogen atoms into solution. It completely dissociates in aqueous solution. |
What is a weak acid? | Releases a small proportion of its available hydrogen atoms into solution. |
What is a base? | A base neutralises an acid to form a salt. |
What is an alkali? | A base that dissolves in water releasing hydroxide ions into the solution. |
What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with metal oxides/hydroxides? | Metal oxide/hydroxide + acid -> salt + water |
What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with alkalis? | Acid + alkali -> salt + water |
What is the word equation for the neutralisation of acids with carbonates? | Carbonate + acid -> salt + water + carbon dioxide |
What is a titration? | A technique used to accurately measure the volume of one solution that reacts exactly with another solution. |
What are titrations used for? | Finding the concentration of a solution. |
What are concordant results? | Within 0.10 cm^3 of each other. |
When can a mean titre be worked out? | When two or more concordant results are obtained. |
In an acid base titration, what rule is used to determine a solution’s concentration? | n(1)=n(2) c(1)V(1)=c(2)V(2) |
When is the oxidation number zero? | For elements on their own or bonded to atoms of the same element. |
What is the common oxidation number of oxygen? | -2 |
What is the common oxidation number of hydrogen? | +1 |
What is the common oxidation number of fluorine? | -1 |
What is the common oxidation number of Na+ or K+? | +1 |
What is the common oxidation number of Mg2+ or Ca2+? | +2 |
What is the common oxidation number of other halides? | -1 |
In what special case, can hydrogen have an oxidation number of -1? | When in metal hydrides. i.e. NaH or CaH(2) |
In what special case, can oxygen have an oxidation number of -1? | In peroxides. i.e. H(2)O(2) |
In what special case, can oxygen have an oxidation number of +2? | When bonded to fluorine. i.e. F(2)O |
In ions, what is a trick for determining oxidation numbers? | The sum of the oxidation numbers, is equal to the total charge. |
What do roman numerals mean in the use of iron(II) or iron(III)? | Iron(II) represents Fe2+ with oxidation number +2. |
What is oxidation? | The loss of electrons. |
What is reduction? | The gain of electrons. |
What is oxidation in terms of oxidation number? | An increase in oxidation number. |
What is reduction in terms of oxidation number? | A decrease in oxidation number. |
What is the word equation for the reaction of a metal with acid? | Metal + acid -> salt + hydrogen |