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Phonology: English Language: Categorising Texts Part 2

Education25 CardsCreated 26 days ago

This deck covers key concepts in English language categorization, focusing on sentence types, lexis characteristics, and figurative language techniques.

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What are declarative sentences?

Sentences that give information.
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What are declarative sentences?
Sentences that give information.
What are imperative sentences?
Sentences that give orders, advice and directions. They start with a main verb such as 'answer' or 'go'.
What are interrogative sentences?
Sentences that ask questions. Can also be added to the end of a statement, as tag questions. E.g. It's cold, ISN'T IT?
What are exclamative sentences?
Sentences that have an expressive function. They convey the force of a statement, and end with an exclamation mark!

What characteristics does informal lexis usually have?

Colloquialism and non-Standard English.

E.g. May describe someone as 'tapped' or a 'loony'.

Monosyllabic words.

E.g. Nice and Gru...

What characteristics does formal lexis usually have?

Made up of Standard English words, with little/no slang.

E.g. May describe someone as 'mentally ill'.

Polysyllabic words.

E.g. En...

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Phonology: English Language: Categorising Texts Part 2
TermDefinition
What are declarative sentences?
Sentences that give information.
What are imperative sentences?
Sentences that give orders, advice and directions. They start with a main verb such as 'answer' or 'go'.
What are interrogative sentences?
Sentences that ask questions. Can also be added to the end of a statement, as tag questions. E.g. It's cold, ISN'T IT?
What are exclamative sentences?
Sentences that have an expressive function. They convey the force of a statement, and end with an exclamation mark!

What characteristics does informal lexis usually have?

Colloquialism and non-Standard English.

E.g. May describe someone as 'tapped' or a 'loony'.

Monosyllabic words.

E.g. Nice and Grub.

Abbreviations.

E.g. Can't, You'll and Would've.

Informal lexis has OLD ENGLISH roots.

What characteristics does formal lexis usually have?

Made up of Standard English words, with little/no slang.

E.g. May describe someone as 'mentally ill'.

Polysyllabic words.

E.g. Enjoyable and Comestibles.

Little/no abbreviations.

E.g. Cannot, you will, and would have.

Formal lexis has LATIN roots.

Written language is more than spoken language?
Formal.
Why is written language usually more formal than spoken language?
Speech tends to be spontaneous, whereas writing is planned.
What is a denotation?
A straightforward meaning or definition of a word. E.g. 'Red is a primary colour that lies next to orange in the visible spectrum'.
What is a connotation?
The associations a word has, or the emotions raised by a word. E.g. 'Red can be associated with love and passion, or with blood and danger'.
What are semantic fields/lexical fields?
Groups of words that are connected in meaning. E.g. Semantic field of war: artillery, bomb, naval, air force, gas…
What are the words (lexical items) that make up semantic fields known as?
Field-specific lexis.

What is a HypERnym? What is a HypOnym?

HypERnyms are general words.

HypOnyms are specific words with a meaning linked to the HypERnym.

E.g. HypERnym=Game.

E.g. HypOnym=Rounders, Cards, Chess, I Spy.

Figurative language isn't _?
Literal.
What are similes?
Comparisons that use the words 'like' or 'as'.
What are metaphors?
Comparisons that don't use 'like' or 'as'. They are usually more implicit than similes, and more powerful.
What is personification?
Where a non-human object or situation is given human qualities.
What is metonymy?
Using a part of something to describe the whole thing. E.g. The term 'the crown' can be used to mean the monarchy, as monarchs wear a crown.
What do oxymorons do?
Bring conflicting ideas together.
What are the 5 techniques of figurative language?
Similes, Metaphors, Personification, Metonymy, Oxymoron.
What is Jargon?
'Specialist vocabulary' associated with a particular occupation or activity. E.g. Software developers use the terms 'spider' and 'sticky' to describe software programs but these words have completely different meanings outside the workplace.
What are the 4 techniques of rhetorical language?
List of three, Repetition, Hyperbole, Rhetorical questions.
What is list of three?
Where 3 things are used in a list to give emphasis and build to a climax.
What is repetition?
When a word or phrase is repeated for emphasis, for emphasis.
What is hyperbole?
Using exaggeration for effect. E.g. I've told you a hundred times.