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Phonology: English Language: Power

Education30 CardsCreated 26 days ago

This deck covers key concepts related to the use of language and power dynamics in various contexts, including political, legal, educational, and business environments.

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What is usually the purpose of political language?

To persuade
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Key Terms

Term
Definition
What is usually the purpose of political language?
To persuade
What is the most common feature of political language?
First person plural pronoun (we)
What does legal language use a lot of?
Jargon, as it gives specialists a lease of power over non specialists.
In order to gain power, what do teachers usually use?
Imperatives and direct questions
What sort of questions are students likely to ask?
Indirect questions.
Between teachers and students, there is an imbalance of what?
Address terms
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Phonology: English Language: Power
TermDefinition
What is usually the purpose of political language?
To persuade
What is the most common feature of political language?
First person plural pronoun (we)
What does legal language use a lot of?
Jargon, as it gives specialists a lease of power over non specialists.
In order to gain power, what do teachers usually use?
Imperatives and direct questions
What sort of questions are students likely to ask?
Indirect questions.
Between teachers and students, there is an imbalance of what?
Address terms
What is a business’ power structure similar to?
Education
What are employees likely to use?
Politeness strategies
What are managers likely to use?
Imperatives and direct questions
What can imbalances in address terms create?
Unequal power relationships

What are 8 common ways of exerting power in a conversation?

Initiating a conversation 
Holding the floor
Imperative sentences 
Interrupting
Unresponsive was
Questioning
Topic changing
Closing down a conversation

What are the 4 main areas that power is seen?

  • political

  • legal

  • education

  • business

What should always be considered when analysing power?
Context
Shouting to gain power is an example of what?
Prosodic feature
Why does Standard English initiate power?
It carries the most prestige
People who understand ______ have a sense of inclusion/belonging. N__ S__________ who don’t have the opposite effect.
Jargon Non specialists

What 4 things do the media do to gain power?

Bias
Prejudice
Stereotypes
Sensationalising

What is normally used to grab a readers attention?
A ‘hook’
What is a semantic pun?
A pun with an implicit meaning E.g. Fly with us
What is symmetrical power?
Where there is a balance of power.
What is asymmetrical power?
Where there is an imbalance in power.
What is Giles Accomodation theory about?
Adjusting our speech to accommodate the person we are addressing.
What does Giles Accomodation theory usually result in?
Convergence or divergence
What is face theory? (Brown and Levinson)
Where each participant needs to cooperate to maintain each other’s face. Positive/negative gave
What is positive face?
When you feel liked and appreciated by someone's language
What is negative face?
When you feel imposed upon by somebody else's language.
What is a face threatening act (FTA)?
An act which deliberately threatens the face needs of others
What is synthetic personalisation? (fairclough)
Where the writer attempts to create a relationship between them and the receiver
What is instrumental power?
The power an organisation/individual holds over another organisation/individual due to the hierarchical structure/social class/social standing
What is influential power?
Where somebody is influenced into a certain idea or way of thinking