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Spillover Theory
-leisure activities similar to work activities, -leisure become extension of skills/attitudes applied at work, -explains why individuals who are active at work select active leisure and visa versa
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Spillover Theory
-leisure activities similar to work activities, -leisure become extension of skills/attitudes applied at work, -explains why individuals who are activ...
Compensatory Theory
-leisure makes up for gratification/satisfaction not received from work, -participate in leisure which supplements for deprivations experienced at wor...
Who constructed Theory of Types of Leisure (4 Types)?
John Kelly
What are the 4 Types of the Theory of Leisure
1. Unconditional Leisure, 2. Recuperative Leisure, 3. Relational Leisure, 4. Role-Determined Leisure
Unconditional Leisure
-high freedom, -high intrinsic motivation, -activity chosen for own sake
Recuperative Leisure (compensatory)
-low freedom, -high intrinsic motivation
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Spillover Theory | -leisure activities similar to work activities, -leisure become extension of skills/attitudes applied at work, -explains why individuals who are active at work select active leisure and visa versa |
Compensatory Theory | -leisure makes up for gratification/satisfaction not received from work, -participate in leisure which supplements for deprivations experienced at work |
Who constructed Theory of Types of Leisure (4 Types)? | John Kelly |
What are the 4 Types of the Theory of Leisure | 1. Unconditional Leisure, 2. Recuperative Leisure, 3. Relational Leisure, 4. Role-Determined Leisure |
Unconditional Leisure | -high freedom, -high intrinsic motivation, -activity chosen for own sake |
Recuperative Leisure (compensatory) | -low freedom, -high intrinsic motivation |
Relational Leisure | -high freedom, -high social value |
Role-Determined Leisure | -low freedom, -high social value |
Neulinger's Paradigm | theory based on: perceived freedom, state of mind, motivation (intrinsic vs. extrinsic) |
Neulinger's Paradigm: State of Mind #1 | Pure Leisure, -freely chosen for one's own sake, -free from external control, -intrinsic rewards |
Neulinger's Paradigm: State of Mind #2 | Leisure-Work, -considered leisure, -wide range of experiences, -freely chosen: perceived freedom, -both intrinsically and extrinsically motivated, -individuals can stop activity whenever they desire |
Neulinger's Paradigm: State of Mind #3 | Leisure-Job, -engage without coercion, -considered leisure, -externally motivated, -freely chosen, -plays cards to win money, -lifting weights for strength |
Neulinger's Paradigm: State of Mind #4 | Pure Work -considered non-leisure -intrinsically motivated -performed under constraint (commitment to complete---pro athlete) -receives internal rewards despite constraint |
Neulinger's Paradigm: State of Mind #5 | Work-Job -engaged in under constraints -intrinsic and extrinsic rewards -pro athlete because they enjoy the game but also receive external rewards |
Neulinger's Paradigm: State of Mind #6 | Pure Job -only extrinsically motivated -perceived constraint -done only to provide necessities |
Flow-Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi (Optimal Experience) | -flow is a perfect balance of: challenge of activity, skills of participant, merging of actions/awareness |
Flow Component #1 | -the activity is challenging, requires skill -challenge required skills are perfectly balanced -if challenge is too high=anxiety -if challenge is too low=boredom -if challenge and skill are too low=apathy |
Flow Component #2 | -merging of action and awareness -all attention is focused on activity -actions almost automatic -completely absorbed in activity |
Flow Component #3 | -concentration is on activity -one is able to forget or not think about other life events |
Flow Component #4 | -loss of self-consciousness -no room/time for self-scrutiny |
Flow Component #5 | -clear goals and feedback -example: rules of game, project to complete |
Flow Component #6 | -involves a sense of control (individuals feel control when they really don't have control) |
Flow Component #7 | -transformation of time |
Flow Component #8 | -autotelic -completing the activity is a reward within itself -done without the expectation of future reward |
Adventure Experience Paradigm | -uses a balance of: perceived risk and competence in task -adventure -exploration/experimentation -devastation/disaster -misadventure -peak adventure |
adventure | -risk is slightly lower, -providing participant a change to 'put their competence to a test' |
exploration/experimentation | -risk is low, -competence is high, -allowing a more relaxed setting for practicing skills |
devastation and disaster | -risks overwhelm competence of individual, -to the point of perception of the likelihood of injury or death |
misadventure | -condition which occurs when competence does't match risk |
peak adventure | -occurs when concentrating intensely, -experiencing a sense of euphoria, -results of perfect balance of risk and competence |
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs | -physiological, safety, belonging/love, esteem |
Nash's Paradigm of Free Time | -injury to society, -injury to self, -killing time, -emotional participation, -active participation, -creativity |
Aristotle's Three Levels Of Leisure | 1. Amusement: at base the lowest form of leisure: discouraged by philosophers, 2. Recreation: middle lower form of leisure: deemed acceptable, 3. Contemplation: highest form inquiry of the natural world and contemplate the meaning of life |
How to spell Csikszentmihalyi | For extra credit!!t |
Diagrams are | IMPORTANT |