Unit 9 Progress Check

Based on the graph, which technology was developed most recently?
Responses
A.Satellite television
B.Trans-Atlantic telephone calls
C.Air transport
D.Ocean freight

Based on the graph, which of the following best describes the development of transportation and communication in the twentieth century?
Responses
A)New methods of transportation and communication became more affordable over time.
B)New technologies made transportation and communication more expensive over time.
C)Although methods of transportation became more expensive, methods of communication became less expensive over time.
D)Between 1980 and 1990, the cost of all forms of transportation and communication increased.

Which of the following is best supported by the information shown on the graph?
Responses
A)The cost of all technologies declined more rapidly in the first half of the twentieth century than it did in the second half of the century.
B)The cost of electronic technologies declined less rapidly than the cost of nonelectronic technologies.
C)The cost of all technologies declined by more than 50% within ten years of their introduction.
D)The cost of technologies that rely on the use of petroleum declined less rapidly than the cost of technologies that do not rely on the use of petroleum.

The changes in life expectancy in China described in the second paragraph are most likely attributable to which of the following?
Responses
A)By the mid-twentieth century China had become an industrialized economy, while by the end of the twentieth century it had become a postindustrial, services-dominated economy.
B)By the mid-twentieth century China had become a communist country, while by the end of the twentieth century it had become a capitalist country.
C)By the mid-twentieth century China was still plagued by infectious diseases associated with poverty, while by the end of the twentieth century it had overcome those diseases.
D)By the mid-twentieth century China had not yet been affected by lifestyle diseases associated with modernity, while by the end of the twentieth century it was suffering from high rates of those diseases.

The authors' discussion in the third paragraph of "the marked acceleration in health care improvements" in China after 1950 refers most directly to which of the following historical developments?
Responses
A.The collapse of the Chinese Qing dynasty
B.The Japanese invasion of Chinese Manchuria
C.The communist victory in China's civil war
D,The market reforms in China after Mao Zedong's death

The authors' argument in the third paragraph concerning the effect of "social factors" on the effectiveness of a country's healthcare system likely refers to all of the following general trends in the twentieth century EXCEPT
Responses
A.the high likelihood that a literate population would follow medical advice regarding vaccinations and child healthcare
B.the high likelihood that improvements in gender equality would lead to adoption of modern family-planning techniques
C.the high likelihood that rising educational levels would lead to the adoption of healthier lifestyles
D)the high likelihood that increasing longevity would lead to an increase in overall healthcare costs

In the late twentieth century, members of conservationist and environmentalist movements would most likely have cited the data in all of the following lines of the table as support for their concerns EXCEPT
Responses
A,lines 8 and 9
B,lines 1 and 2
C.lines 4 and 5
D,lines 6 and 7

The changes reflected in which of the following lines in the table are most directly associated with international conflicts over scarce natural resources in the late twentieth century?
Responses
A.Line 1
B.Line 2
C.Line 5
D.line 8

The changes in world carbon dioxide emissions and the world forested area reflect which of the following twentieth century historical contexts?
Responses
A.The increase in economic liberalization and free-market economic policies
B.The increase in agricultural productivity and global population numbers
C,The emergence of debates about the nature of and causes of climate change
D.The emergence of global movements protesting social inequalities

Which of the following best explains how a supporter of free trade and market deregulation would counter Soros' critiques of free markets in the passage?
Responses
A/Soros fails to acknowledge the fact that capitalist states continue to promote economic inequality between corporations and workers despite the adoption of social safety nets.
B,Soros ignores the fact that government deregulation of financial systems has led to the most serious economic crises in the twentieth century.
C,soros ignores the fact that the adoption of free-market policies by states around the world in the late twentieth century increased standards of living for many people.
D,Soros fails to recognize that governments across the world have been reluctant to reduce subsidies for many local industries.

Which of the following developments in the late twentieth century would most likely be cited to explain a flaw in Soros' arguments regarding "social needs" and "collective decision making" in the first paragraph?
Responses
A,The Soviet Union and other communist states in Eastern Europe collapsed largely because of economic inefficiencies created by centralized economic planning and attempts to eliminate all economic and social inequalities.
B.Governments in the Asia-Pacific region and Latin America often offered generous tax incentives to Western multinational corporations to relocate manufacturing facilities to their countries.
C.Technological innovations enhanced global communication and led to the development of knowledge economies.
D.the emergence of major financial crises in Asia still did not convince governments about the need to enact banking and stock-market reforms.

Which of the following would most likely be cited to explain a weakness in Soros' arguments in the passage about the power granted to free-market forces in the global economy?
Responses
A.Multinational corporations have often been successful in using their financial power to undermine government attempts to regulate their activity.
B.Market forces are constrained to a large extent by regulations imposed by governments, international economic institutions, and regional trade agreements.
C.Unions have declined in influence in part because of opposition from those who claim that unions undermine business activity.
D.The reduction of trade barriers has steadily reduced the ability of many smaller firms to compete in the global economy.

The political activism embodied in the petition is best seen in the context of which of the following broader twentieth-century developments?
Responses
A.Groups and individuals resisting the political violence of the period by adopting the principles of nonviolence
B.Groups and individuals leveraging their technical knowledge to secure political and legal rights
C.Groups and individuals using radical ideologies to call for resource redistribution
D.Groups and individuals using universal principles to challenge established social norms

The policy position of the Manitoba Liberal Party quoted in the appeal is best seen as a continuation of which of the following broader trends in the late 1800s and early 1900s?
Responses
A.Mainstream political parties teaming up to defeat challenges from socialist parties
B.Political parties embracing mass politics and broader popular participation in the democratic process
C.The growing acceptance of free-trade and laissez-faire economic philosophy by both liberals and conservatives
D.The increasing influence on politics of ethnic nationalism and its ideas of women as essential to the moral character of the nation

Which of the following aspects of the international context in which the petition was produced most likely strengthened the petitioners' demands?
Responses
A.Women's critical contributions to the home front effort during The First World War
B.The adoption of woman suffrage by most industrialized Western countries in the decades preceding 1915
C.The growing share of women in positions of economic and political leadership as a result of the spread of universal compulsory education
D.The greater role women had over their reproductive rights, as a result of the spread of more effective forms of birth control

The letter above could best be used to illustrate which of the following aspects of the historical context of the late twentieth century?
Responses
A.The repressive nature of the Soviet communist regime
B.The role of communist ideology in the development of anti-consumerist youth movements
C.The globalization of consumer culture despite the rivalries of the Cold War
D.The declining quality of Soviet higher education and Soviet universities

Which of the following statements does not reflect the broader historical context of twentieth century culture as illustrated by the letter?
Responses
A.A black market existed in communist countries allowing for the exchange of Western consumer products.
B.Western clothing was popular among young people in the Soviet Union, but they rejected most other Western cultural trends.
C.University students cared about keeping up with the most recent trends in European and American music.
D.Some forms of Western culture were adopted by Soviet youth, but they rejected capitalist economic principles.

A historian studying the collapse of the Soviet Union in the early 1990s would most likely use the letter above to illustrate which of the following?
Responses
A.The alienation of Soviet citizens from their government's official rhetoric of class struggle and anti-capitalism
B.The spread of dissident ideas and anti-government resistance movements among Soviet intellectuals
C.The failure of the Soviet planned economy to deliver even the most basic consumer goods to the USSR's population
D.the effects of Gorbachev's glasnost policies in stimulating an honest exchange of ideas among Soviet citizens

Which of the following could be most effectively used to challenge the objectivity of Vandana Shiva's arguments in her book The Violence of the Green Revolution?
Responses
A.As an Indian scholar, Shiva lived in a country relatively unaffected by the Green Revolution.
B.As a woman and a feminist, Shiva may have been particularly interested in the way the Green Revolution has affected women farmers.
C.As an environmentalist and anti-globalization activist, Shiva may have been selective in presenting the scientific data regarding the effects of the Green Revolution.
D.As a study based on the experience of just one Indian state, Punjab, Shiva's book may be unrepresentative of the broader regional or global impacts of the Green Revolution.

Which of the following could best be used to counter Vandana Shiva's criticism of the effects of globalization on the world's agricultural practices, as outlined in the passage?
Responses
A.Data on the increasing profits of multinational agribusiness corporations in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries
B.Data on the growing numbers of displaced persons as a result of international conflict in the late twentieth century
C.Data on population and food production trends in developing countries before the advent of industrial farming in the mid-twentieth century
D.Data on the growing rates of income inequality in developed countries in the late twentieth and early twenty-first centuries

Which of the following arguments could be most effectively used to undermine Vandana Shiva's implicit criticism of free trade and globalization in the passage?
Responses
A.Consumer preferences in societies around the world are becoming increasingly uniform because of globalization.
B.Many developing countries could never become self-sufficient food producers because of limitations of size, climate, and available cropland.
C.Developing countries are free to join or not join in globalized trade practices and international trade organizations.
D.Many of the economic forces driving globalization in agriculture are based on increasingly intensive exploitation of nonrenewable natural resources.

Which of the following best describes a main idea common to both passages?
Responses
A.The new organizations should solve international humanitarian problems.
B.The new organizations should facilitate greater international cooperation.
C.The new organizations should address political and economic inequalities among member states.
D.the new organizations should promote democracy and free-trade across the world.

Which of the following best describes a difference between the purpose of the institution established in Source 1 and the purpose of the institutions established in Source 2 ?
Responses
A)The institution established in Source 1 was intended to maintain the global balance of power, while the institutions established in Source 2 were intended to eliminate poverty.
B)The institution established in Source 1 tried to foster diplomacy between rival military blocs, while the institutions established in Source 2 were intended to regulate global banking.
C)The institution established in Source 1 was intended to stop the spread of communism, while the institutions established in Source 2 were intended to prevent future financial crises.
D)The institution established in Source 1 was intended to prevent war, while the institutions established in Source 2 were intended to promote economic development and international trade.

The ideas behind the establishment of the council referred to in Source 1 and the ideas behind the establishment of the bank referred to in Source 2 are most similar in that
Responses
A)while the council and the bank were intended to provide benefits to all members, a small group of states were allowed to retain permanent decision-making power
B)although the council and the bank were intended to provide benefits to all states, membership was restricted to only European and Asian states
C)while the council and the bank promised aid to all states equally, the terms of that aid were subject to various restrictions
D)although the council and the bank wanted member states to agree willingly to their decisions, they received the right to implement sanctions to force compliance

The authors' argument in the third paragraph concerning the effect of "social factors" on the effectiveness of a country's healthcare system likely refers to all of the following general trends in the twentieth century EXCEPT
Responses
A.the high likelihood that a literate population would follow medical advice regarding vaccinations and child healthcare
B.the high likelihood that improvements in gender equality would lead to adoption of modern family-planning techniques
C.the high likelihood that rising educational levels would lead to the adoption of healthier lifestyles
D.the high likelihood that increasing longevity would lead to an increase in overall healthcare costs

The authors' argument in the third paragraph concerning the effect of "social factors" on the effectiveness of a country's healthcare system likely refers to all of the following general trends in the twentieth century EXCEPT
Responses
A.the high likelihood that a literate population would follow medical advice regarding vaccinations and child healthcare
B.the high likelihood that improvements in gender equality would lead to adoption of modern family-planning techniques
C.the high likelihood that rising educational levels would lead to the adoption of healthier lifestyles
D.the high likelihood that increasing longevity would lead to an increase in overall healthcare costs