Chemistry /Volumetric Analysis Flashcards Part 1
Quantitative analysis
finding the quantities or amounts of material present
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Key Terms
Term
Definition
Quantitative analysis
finding the quantities or amounts of material present
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volumetric analysis
involves reacting volumes of solutions with each other
what is a solution
mixture of a solute and a solvent
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homogenous
when the particles of a solute are uniformly distributed throughout the solvent
concentrated
large amount of solute to solvent
dilute
small amount of solute to solvent
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| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
Quantitative analysis | finding the quantities or amounts of material present |
volumetric analysis | involves reacting volumes of solutions with each other |
what is a solution | mixture of a solute and a solvent |
homogenous | when the particles of a solute are uniformly distributed throughout the solvent |
concentrated | large amount of solute to solvent |
dilute | small amount of solute to solvent |
concentration | the amount of solute that's dissolved in a given volume of solution |
what are the three ways to express concentration of a solution? | percentage of solute, parts per million, moles of solute per litre of solution |
what are the three ways to express something by percentage of solute? | weight per weight, weight per volume, volume per volume |
what is w/w | weight by weight -g per 100g of solution |
what is w/v | weight by volume -g per 100cm3 of solution |
what is v/v | volume per volume# cm3 per 100g of solution |
what is ppm and what is it used for | parts per million, used for very diluted solutions 1mg / L |
what is number of moles of solute for litre of solution | number of moles per litre of solution |
What is the essential equipment used for volumetric analysis | volumetric flask |
why do chemists use standard solutions | they often use solutions of known concentration to figure out the concentration of another solution of an unknown conc |
what is a standard solution | a solution whose conc is accurately known |
how is a standard solution prepared | it's prepared by dissolving a definite, precisely known mass of solute in a suitable solvent to give a definite precisely known volume of solution |
primary standard | a substance that can be obtained in a stable, pure and soluble solid form so that it can be weighed out and dissolved in water to give a solution of accurately known conc |
samples of primary standard | anhydrous sodium carbonate, sodium chloride, potassium dichromate |
Describe how you would prepare a standard solution of sodium carbonate | use a balance to measure out the pure anhydrous sodium carbonate on a clock glass transfer sodium carbonate to clean beaker, dissolve with DI water. mix until fully dissolved, wash down everything with DI water. pour into funnel into volumetric flask, collecting rinsings. fill the flask with DI water until around 1cm of the calibration mark view at eye level and fill slowly until bottom of the meniscus rests on the calibration mark stopper the flask and invert it several times to ensure a homogeneous solution |
Why is it possible to make up a standard solution of sodium carbonate directly? | Because Na2CO3 is a primary standard, i.e. very pure and stable. |
What precaution is taken to ensure that all of the sodium carbonate is transferred from the clock glass to the beaker? | the clock glass is rinsed with DI water, these rinsings are transferred to the beaker |
why is a stirring rod used | speed up the dissolving of sodium carbonate- prevent formation of hard lumps of the substance |
Why is it necessary to wash the solution off the stirring rod into the beaker? | To ensure that none of the sodium carbonate solution is lost |
Why are the rinsings from the beaker added to the volumetric flask? | To ensure that all of the sodium carbonate solution is transferred to the volumetric flask. |
Why is it necessary to be particularly careful when adding the last few drops of water to the volumetric flask? | there is danger of overshooting the mark, resulting in a solution of an unknown conc, then you will have to start again |
When the solution has been made up, why is it necessary to mix the contents of the flask thoroughly? What feature of the volumetric flask makes this particularly necessary? | to ensure a homogeneous solution, narrow neck of the flask |
Why is a beaker, rather than a conical flask, used when the solute is being dissolved? | spout facilitates pouring- stirring is easier because it has a wide neck |
why is a funnel used | minimize the risk of spillage |