2023 WGU D265 Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence Exam With Answers (124 Solved Questions)

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WGU D265 Critical Thinking: Reason and Evidence ExamQuestions and Answers (Latest Update 2023)Which sentence is a non-proposition?-If the burglar did not go out the front door, they must have gone out awindow.-The earth is the third planet from the sun.-Where are the keys to my car?-Mount Everest is the tallest mountain in the world.-correct answers✅Where are the keys to my car?Did the company really close that deal? It has had a great year. Where is thepresident right now? Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.In the above paragraph, which sentence expresses a proposition?-Where is the president right now?-Did the company really close that deal?-Let's go ask whether the deal was closed.-It has had a great year.-correct answers✅It has had a great year.

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Propositions-correct answers✅Statements that can be true orfalse.Non-propositions-correct answers✅Sentences that are not statementsabout matters of fact (or fiction). They do not make a claim that can be trueor false.Which sentence expresses a complex proposition?-Birthday parties can be really fun.-The cat ate the food, but did not like it.-Too many employees are used to high-stress work environments in theUnited States.-Why did the monkey escape, and who is responsible?-correct answers✅The cat ate the food, but did not like it.If the computer is not fixed, then the company either needs to buy a newone or will not be able to keep up productivity.

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Which of the following breaks down the complex proposition above into thesimple propositions?-If the computer is not fixed, then the companyneeds to buy a new one.The company will not be able to keep up productivity.-The computer is not fixed. The company needs to buy a new computer. Thecompany will not be able to keep up productivity.-The computer is not fixed. The company either needsto buy a new one orwill not be able to keep up productivity.-The company does not have enough computers.-correct answers✅Thecomputer is not fixed. The company needs to buy a new computer. Thecompany will not be able to keep up productivity.Simplepropositions-correct answers✅Simple propositions have nointernal logical structure, meaning whether they are true or false does notdepend on whether part of them is true or false. They are simply true orfalse on their own.Complex propositions-correct answers✅Complex propositions haveinternal logical structure, meaning they are composed of simple

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propositions. Whether they are true or false depends on whether their partsare true or false.If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need toshow up on time.How many times have we heard the manager complain about tardiness?Nobody likes a 7 a.m. start time, but it was in the job description. We shouldremind the new employee how important this is.Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?-The new employee wants to succeed.-How many times have we heard the manager complain about tardiness?-The employees look out for each other.-If the new employee wants to succeed, then they need to show up on time.-correct answers✅The new employee wants to succeed.The U.S. healthcare system is difficult to navigate, and this negatively affectsmany of us. Many people are unsure exactly how their health insurancecoverage works and are not sure where they can go to getcare. What can bedone to improve this? If changes are not made soon, the problem will onlyget worse.

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Which is a simple proposition that is expressed in the above paragraph?-Many people are not sure where they can go to get care.-The U.S. healthcaresystem is difficult to navigate, and this negativelyaffects many of us.-What can be done to improve this?-Many people are unsure exactly how their health insurance coverage worksand are not sure where they can go to get care.-correct answers✅Manypeople are not sure where they can go to get care.Bad inferential structure-correct answers✅Every argument with the samestructure as this argument is bad (invalid or weak). The premises do not, infact, demonstrate or maybe even support the conclusion. In other words, wecan accept the premises as true without being compelled to accept theconclusion. There is something wrong with this argument's generalstructure.False premise-correct answers✅This particular argumenthas apremise/assumption that is false. There is something wrong with thisargument's particular content.

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Conclusion Indicators-correct answers✅Therefore, so, it follows that,hence, thus, entails that, we may conclude that, implies that, wherefore, as aresultPremise Indicators-correct answers✅Because, for, given that, in that, as,since, as indicated by"Since we cannot go out until the restaurant opens, and given that we aretrying to save money, we should just hang out here until closer to dinner."Which statements are the premises of the following argument? Choose 2answers.-We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.-We are trying to save money.-We should just hang out here until closer to dinner.-We can have a good time without spending money.-correct answers✅-We cannot go out until the restaurant opens.-We are trying to save money.

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Most students in the class scored less than 70% on the exam. This meansthat the exam was too difficult to accurately assess student learning.Therefore, as exams are supposed to accurately assess student learning, theexam must be revised and readministered.Which statement is the conclusion of the above argument?-The exam must be revised and readministered.-Some students in the class scored higher than 70% on the exam.-Exams are supposed to accurately assess student learning.-Most students in the class scored less than 70% on the exam.-correctanswers✅The exam must be revised and readministered.Which sentences are arguments? Choose 2 answers.-We know the student cheated on the exam because the instructor caughtthe student stealing glances at their neighbor's test.

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-The student only cheated on the exam because their financial aiddepended on it.-No one has ever been to themoon, so we do not know that it is not madeof cheese.-If you suspect you have been infected with rabies, then you should contacta medical professional immediately.-correct answers✅-We know thestudent cheated on the exam because the instructor caught the studentstealing glances at their neighbor's test.-No one has ever been to the moon, so we do not know that it is not madeof cheese.Which pairs of sentences are arguments? Choose 2 answers.-Every time I walk by here, Chris is doing nothing.Chris must not doanything with the available time.-We need to act now to reverse greenhouse gas emissions. If we do not, theearth will soon become inhospitable to human life.-John Lennon was shot and killed. So were Bobby Kennedy and his brotherJohn.

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-One student cheated on the test. But it was only because the student felt illprepared.-correct answers✅-Every time I walk by here, Chris is doingnothing. Chris must not do anything with the available time.-We need to act now to reverse greenhouse gas emissions. If we do not, theearth will soon become inhospitable to human life.I just heard the news about Riley's car. It was vandalized last Saturday. Thereis no doubt Jordan did it. I went to the bowling alley that night. I bowled a160! Anyway, I saw Jordan there and, although it was barely noticeable, Idefinitely saw paint on Jordan's shirt. It is unlikely there would be paint onJordan's shirt unless Jordan had spray-painted Riley's car. It is a shame,really, since it was such a nice shirt. It was the green one. Oh, and you knowJordan has motive. After all, Jordan has a well-known grudge against Riley.You remember when Riley borrowed Jordan's lawnmower and did not returnit. And there was opportunity, because Jordan does not work on theweekend and usually stays home watching television. But the lightning stormearlier last week short-circuited Jordan's TV set. Besides, they canceledJordan's favorite Saturday evening show.Which description best characterizes the above?

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-A story-Anexplanation for why something happened-An argument-A disconnected set of statements-correct answers✅An argumentKinds of Inferences-correct answers✅DeductionInductionInference to the best explanation or abductionDeduction-correct answers✅arguments where the premises guarantee ornecessitate the conclusion—mathematical arguments, logical arguments, arguments from definitionInduction-correct answers✅arguments where the premises make theconclusion probable—analogies, authority,causal inferences, scientific reasoning,extrapolations, etc.

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Inference to the best explanation or abduction-correct answers✅arguments where the best available explanation is chosen as the correctexplanationTruth-correct answers✅A true proposition accurately represents reality.Validity-correct answers✅In a good deductive argument structure, truepremises make the conclusion necessarily true. (If not, it is an invalidstructure.)Soundness-correct answers✅The deductive argument is valid and allpremises are true premises. (If not, it is an unsound argument.)Sound Argument-correct answers✅All True Premises + Valid StructureStrength-correct answers✅In a strong inductive argument, true premisesmake the conclusion probably true.

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Cogency-correct answers✅Strong inductive arguments with all truepremises are cogent.Consider the following argument: Smith inspected 990 jellybeans in the jar.Each of the beans Smith inspected is red. Therefore, all 1000 of the beans inthe jar arered.Which kind of argument is this?-A strong argument-Deductive argument-A weak argument-A valid argument-correct answers✅A strong argumentSome arguments are such that the premises of the argument entail itsconclusion, which means that if the premises are true, then the conclusionmust be true.What are such arguments called?-Inductive arguments

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-Abductive arguments-Fallacious arguments-Valid arguments-correct answers✅Valid argumentsConsider the following argument: If Jones is abaseball player, then Jones isan athlete. Jones is a baseball player. Thus, Jones is an athlete.Which kind of argument is this?-A conditional proposition-A valid argument-A strong argument-An invalid argument-correct answers✅A valid argumentIn deductive reasoning, what is the difference between validity andsoundness?-Validity concerns the truth of an argument's premises, but soundnessrequires a high degree of probability.

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-Validity only concerns the structure of an argument, but soundnessrequires both validity and true premises.-Validity concerns an argument's probability, but soundness requires clearlydefined terms.-Validity concerns the inductive strength of an argument, but soundnessrequires both strength and plausible premises.-correct answers✅Validityonly concerns the structure of an argument, but soundness requires bothvalidity and true premises.Which sentences reflect strong critical thinking? Choose 2 answers.-I disagree with my opponent's position on this issue, but I respect myopponents and I am curious to hear their thoughts on the matter.-I know that issues can be complicated, and that it is often difficult todetermine the best approach to a problem.-Unlike some others, I do not jump to conclusions, noram I biased.-While I am open to discussion on the topic, I am committed to my positionbecause I know it is right.-correct answers✅-I disagree with myopponent's position on this issue, but I respect my opponents and I amcurious to hear their thoughts on the matter.

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-I know that issues can be complicated, and that it is often difficult todetermine the best approach to a problem.Which sentences are propositions? Choose 2 answers.-Hey, let's go to lunch at noon today.-Mangino'shas the best pizza.-They will likely put the other restaurants out of business.-Do you like Mangino's pizza?-correct answers✅-Mangino's has the bestpizza.-They will likely put the other restaurants out of business.Which statement is a simpleproposition?-Because I was dressed for work, I took an umbrella and ran to my car.

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