2024 CLC Postnatal Health Certified Lactation Counselor Exam With Answers (253 Solved Questions)

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CLC- Certified Lactation Counselor Exam LatestUpdated 2024Babies born between these hours of the day or more at risk to receive supplementation: -10pm-9amPitocin during labor may inhibit the body's natural process of oxytocin release for up to howmany days postpartum? - Day 2.Labor and birth interventions may: - Delay the onset of milk coming in amd/or cause needfor extra breastfeeding support in the early hours/days postpartum.The most powerful step in influencing breast feeding outcomes directly following birth? -Skin-to-skinDelaying a bath for how many hours post-birth raises EBF rates? - 2-12 hours post birth.In-hospital supplementation of formula lead to: - 2.5 -6X higher risk of early weaning.What is the percentage of infection rate with lanolin versus non-lanolin creams? - 62%infection rate with lanolin users. Non-lanolin users 18%.The Thompson Method found two common practices are most associated with nipple painand trauma... - A hand on the back of babies head and shaping the breast. These commonpractices may interfere with the babies inter-oral function by restricting movement of thecranial cervical spine and nuchal alignment, greatly related to nipple trauma.Lactose Overload - Too much lactose in the gut can cause bacterial fermentation, gas, acidbuildup, which leads to abdominal pain and flatulence in the infant. Most commonlyassociated with explosive, frothy green stools.Percentage of breast abscess positive for MRSA? - 60%. Needs to be assessed by HCP forsafety.

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Uncommon and emergent mastitis: - The tissues of both breasts are inflamed. Strep is aprobable organism - potentially fatal with whole body inflammation and probable sepsis.Immediate concern to be seen by HCP.A reasonable cut off for treating symptomatic hypoglycemia in infants is what glucose bloodlevel? - 40 mg/dLPathological Jaundice - Before 24 hours of age. Usually due to sepsis or bloodincompatibility.Early Onset Jaundice - Between 72-96 hours. Often called physiological or "starvation" or"lack of breastfeeding jaundice." Frequently related to underfeeding.Late Onset Jaundice - Breast milk jaundice may actually be related to metabolic or otherissues with the infant. Presents in second week and persist for up to 12 weeks.Kanagroo Mother Care - A special kind of skin to skin holding for premature and fragilebabies that has been shown to decrease mortality by 36%, as well as sepsis, hypoglycemia,hypothermia, and hospital admission.Preterm babies who receive kangaroo care: - Better long-term psychological and cangenitive control, improve cerebral blood flow, improved weight gain, may have nostrilsdecolonized by MRSA/MRSE, have a sleep patterns that are more mature, warmer and morephysiologically stable, burn fewer calories than in the incubator, and may have betterbreastfeeding outcomes.Extremely premature infants who receive an exclusive human milk diet have significantlylower as of which incidences? - NEC (Necrotizing enterocolitis) and mortality.During lactation there is a what percent decrease in bone density? - 3% to 9% decrease.Newborn expectations: - 10-12 feedings per 24 hour time, several bowel movements everyday from day 2 through the first 6weeks (quarter sized bowels) & (4 on 4), expect stool

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color to transition to yellow and seedy by day 5, 1 + heavy wet diaper for each day of lifeuntil day 6. (6+ on day 6+).A heavy wet diaper is approximately how much fluid? - 4 tablespoons.Postpartum Mood Disorders: - Baby blues,postpartum depression,postpartum panic disorder,postpartum obsessive thought disorder and obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD),postpartum post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD),postpartum psychosis,dysphoric milk ejection reflex (D-MER)AAP - American Academy of PediatricsABM - Academy of Breastfeeding MedicineAGA - Appropriate for gestational age.Alveoli - Small glands in the breast that produce breast milk.Amenorrhea - The absence of menstruation.Aysemmetric latch - Optimal attachment to the breast, where the babies lips are notcentered in relationship to the areola, but rather vertically off centered, with the babies chinand lower lip closer to the edge of the areola and the babies upper lip.Atopy - And allergy for which there is a genetic predisposition, such as asthma, eczema, orrhinitis.(BFHI) Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative - The UNICEF baby friendly hospital initiative, aninternational program recognizing hospitals and birth centers that implement the 10 steps tosuccessful breastfeeding.

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Bilirubin - The byproduct of the breakdown of the hemoglobin portion of red blood cells.Bilirubin Encephalopathy - Damage to the brain and central nervous system related tohyperbilirubinemia (Jaundice); Also known as "Kernicterus."Milk Bleb - A firm, small, white spot near the nipple pore opening containing accumulatedmilk solids. Also referred to as a milk blister.Block Feeding - A pattern of feeding: used to deal with an over-abundant milk supply. In blockfeeding, the mother offers the baby only one breast for one, two, or three feedings togenerate mild local pressure to slow down milk production. Then she offers the other breastfor another block of time.Blocked Duct - A condition in which milk from one part of the breast does not flow well andforms a lump of solidified milk that blocks the milk duct.Brachial Plexus Injury - Decreased movement or sensation in the arm caused by injury tothe bundle of nerves passing through the shoulder area. This may be caused during birth bypressure to the shoulder area.Bradycardia - Slow heart rate, less than 100 bpm in an infant.Breast Abscess - An area in the breast that feels hot and painful and is full of fluid. Typicallyresulting from unresolved mastitis.Breast Compression - A hands-on method used during nursing or pumping to increase theflow of milk. The mother gently sneezes, or compresses gently, her breast. Typically usedwhen milk flow stops or slows, to increase milk flow again. Also called "alternate massage."Breastmilk Jaundice - Jaundice occurring in the breast fed infant after 10-14 days of life. Thecause of breastmilk jaundice is unknown and the incident is less than 1%.

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Brucellosis - Bacterial infection from contact with animals carrying the Brucella bacteria.Infection causes an undulating fever that spikes in waves.Candida - A family of parasitic fungi occurring especially in the mouth, vagina, and intestinaltract. They are usually benign but can become pathogenic and include the caustive agent(candida albicans) of thrush.Caput Succedaneum - Swelling of the soft tissues of a newborn baby's scalp that develops asa baby travels through the birth canal.CDC - Centers for Disease Control and PreventionCephalohematoma - A lump that rises on the head of a newborn with an hours of birth due tobleeding beneath the bones of the skull.Chorioamniotis - Inflammation of the fetal membrane due to infection.Cleft Lip and/or Palate - A congenital birth defect causing a division or opening in the roof ofthe mouth and/or split in the lip.Cyanosis - A bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes.Colostrum - The first milk, produced in the breast by the seventh month of pregnancy. It isthick, sticky, and clear to yellowish in color; is high in protein and vitamin A; causes alaxative effect, thus, helping the baby to pass meconium stools. Immunoglobulins (mostlyIgA) In colostrum provide an anti-infection protection to the baby and their gut microbiome.Contraindication - A condition or factor that makes something in advisable.Craniofacial - Involving the head and skull.Cooper's Ligaments - The triangular-shaped ligaments underlying the breasts.

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Cytomegalovirus - A virus of the herpes family that is relatively harmless and adults but cancause severe systemic infection in infants, particularly those born premature.Dehydration Signs - Symptoms include, but are not limited to the following: Dry or stickymouth, low or no urine output, concentrated urine that appears dark yellow, non-productionof tears, sunken eyes, markedly sunken fontanelles in an infant, lethargic or coma (severe).Diabetes Mellitus - A group of diseases in which the body has difficulty managing stableblood sugar.Discordant Twins - Twin pairs with a marked difference in size at birth.Discrepancy Breasts - A condition in which a woman's breast are markedly different in sizeand/or shape. This is associated with potential milk supply problems. Also called"asymmetric "breasts.Down Syndrome - A congenital condition characterized by moderate to severe mentalretardation *[textbook definition]*. Also called trisomy 21.Dyad - A group of two. In lactation terms, usually refers to a nursing mother and baby.Duarte Galactosemia - A variant of galactosemia with generally milder complications.EBF - Exclusively breastfed.ELBW (Acronym) - Extremely low birth weight. An infant with a birth weight less than <1,000grams (2.2 pounds).Failure to Thrive (FTT) - A serious condition in which baby's growth is inadequate andrequires medical evaluation.Engorgement - Swelling in the breast that blocks milk flow; caused by inadequate orinfrequent milk removal the breast(s). Breasts will be hot to the touch, painful and will look

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tight and shiny. With severe engorgement, milk production may stop. With inadequatedrainage, clogs and/or mastitis can occur.Everted Nipple - A nipple that turns outward when stimulated.Exclusive Breastmilk Feeding (EBMF) - A term used by The Joint Commission (2011) todescribe those babies who are receiving only human milk.Feeding Cues - Infant behavior that indicates an interest in eating, including rapid eyemovement, movement of hands near the face and mouth (sucking hands and fingers), rootingand seeking motions (turning head side to side while gaping).Flat Nipple - A nipple that everts in response to stimulation but is otherwise not projected.Foremilk - The milk that is expressed from the breast at the beginning of a feed.Glactocele - A milk-filled cyst in the breast, most likely caused by an obstructed duct.Glactogogue - Food or drinks given to the lactating parent that are believed to increase milkproduction.Galactose - A simple sugar that is portion of lactose; the sugar present in milk.Galactosemia - Congenital metabolic disorder causing inability of the body to use the simplesugar galactose, causing accumulation of galactose 1-phosphate in the body, which results indamage to the liver, central nervous system, and other body systems with permanent, evenfatal, outcomes.Gestational Diabetes Mellitus (GDM) - A form of diabetes that occurs in pregnancy.Goldsmith's Sign - The association of a baby's persistent refusal of one breast with possiblebreast cancer in the mother.

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