Cardiovascular 2 Handout
Overview of mitral and aortic valve function, valve disorders (stenosis/regurgitation), symptoms, and treatments including meds, valvuloplasty, and prosthetic valve options with nursing considerations like anticoagulation and infection prevention.
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•' S.RHO Mitral/Aortic Valves and Valve Replacement/Repair
Normal Blood flow through the heart:
Right Atrium -> R Ventricle -> Lungs ->
Left Atria Left Ventride Aorta
Diastole: ventricles fill
Systole ventrides empty
Valves:
Tricuspid: blood goes from R atria -> R ventricle
Pulmonic blood goes from Right ventricle lungs
Mitral: blood goes from Lungs/Left Atria Left ventricle
Aortic blood goes from Left ventricle - body
Murmur inappropriately functioning valve
Mitral valve: sits between left atria and left ventricle
Systole: Should be closed during systole, if it doesn't close, we deal with regurgitation
Diastole: Should be open during diastole, if it does not open enough, we deal with stenosis
Aortic valve: sits in left ventricle, the valve that opens into the aorta, allows blood to go to body
Systole: should be open during systole, if it doesn't open, we deal with stenosis
Diastole: should be dosed during diastole, if it doesn't close, we deal with regurgitation
Stenosis: Valve is not opening when it should
Regurgitation: Valve is not dosing when it should
Treatment for Valvular Disease:
• No treatment is required for asymptomatic patients
• Therapy: symptom relief, restore vaIve function
o BB and CCB may be used for rate control
o Diuretics to reduce preload
o Ace Inhibitors to reduce workload of the heart
• VaIvulopla sty: repair of cardlac vaIve
o can be done percutaneously or surgically
• Prosthetic valve replacement: both types need prophylactic abx for dental procedures
o Mechanical: Do not deteriorate or become infected as easily, but are thrombogenic and require
life-long anticoagulation therapy.
■ International normalized ratio (INR) to be monitored in the weeks following
o Tissue: higher risk for recurrent infections, only need to be on anticoagulants for 3-6 months.
■ may be used more in older adult populations, noncompliant, or someone
contraindicated in the use of anticoagulants.
Normal Blood flow through the heart:
Right Atrium -> R Ventricle -> Lungs ->
Left Atria Left Ventride Aorta
Diastole: ventricles fill
Systole ventrides empty
Valves:
Tricuspid: blood goes from R atria -> R ventricle
Pulmonic blood goes from Right ventricle lungs
Mitral: blood goes from Lungs/Left Atria Left ventricle
Aortic blood goes from Left ventricle - body
Murmur inappropriately functioning valve
Mitral valve: sits between left atria and left ventricle
Systole: Should be closed during systole, if it doesn't close, we deal with regurgitation
Diastole: Should be open during diastole, if it does not open enough, we deal with stenosis
Aortic valve: sits in left ventricle, the valve that opens into the aorta, allows blood to go to body
Systole: should be open during systole, if it doesn't open, we deal with stenosis
Diastole: should be dosed during diastole, if it doesn't close, we deal with regurgitation
Stenosis: Valve is not opening when it should
Regurgitation: Valve is not dosing when it should
Treatment for Valvular Disease:
• No treatment is required for asymptomatic patients
• Therapy: symptom relief, restore vaIve function
o BB and CCB may be used for rate control
o Diuretics to reduce preload
o Ace Inhibitors to reduce workload of the heart
• VaIvulopla sty: repair of cardlac vaIve
o can be done percutaneously or surgically
• Prosthetic valve replacement: both types need prophylactic abx for dental procedures
o Mechanical: Do not deteriorate or become infected as easily, but are thrombogenic and require
life-long anticoagulation therapy.
■ International normalized ratio (INR) to be monitored in the weeks following
o Tissue: higher risk for recurrent infections, only need to be on anticoagulants for 3-6 months.
■ may be used more in older adult populations, noncompliant, or someone
contraindicated in the use of anticoagulants.
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