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Cardiovascular 2 Handout

Overview of mitral and aortic valve function, valve disorders (stenosis/regurgitation), symptoms, and treatments including meds, valvuloplasty, and prosthetic valve options with nursing considerations like anticoagulation and infection prevention.

Daniel Miller
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•'S.RHOMitral/Aortic Valves and Valve Replacement/RepairNormal Blood flow through the heart:Right Atrium -> R Ventricle ->Lungs ->Left AtriaLeft VentrideAortaDiastole:ventricles fillSystoleventrides emptyValves:Tricuspid:blood goes fromRatria -> R ventriclePulmonicblood goes fromRightventriclelungsMitral:blood goes from Lungs/Left AtriaLeft ventricleAorticblood goes from Left ventricle-bodyMurmurinappropriately functioning valveMitral valve:sits between leftatriaand left ventricleSystole: Should be closed during systole, if it doesn't close, we deal withregurgitationDiastole: Should be open during diastole, if it does not open enough, wedeal with stenosisAortic valve:sitsinleft ventricle, the valve that opens into the aorta, allows blood to go to bodySystole:shouldbeopenduring systole,ifit doesn't open, we deal withstenosisDiastole: should bedosedduring diastole, ifitdoesn't close, we dealwith regurgitationStenosis:Valve isnot openingwhen it shouldRegurgitation:Valve isnot dosingwhenitshouldTreatment for Valvular Disease:•No treatment is required for asymptomatic patients•Therapy: symptom relief, restore vaIve functionoBB and CCB may be used for rate controloDiuretics to reduce preloadoAce Inhibitors to reduce workload of the heart•VaIvuloplasty: repair of cardlac vaIveocan be done percutaneously or surgically•Prosthetic valve replacement: both types need prophylactic abx for dental proceduresoMechanical: Do not deteriorate or become infected as easily,butare thrombogenic and requirelife-long anticoagulation therapy.■International normalized ratio (INR) to be monitored in the weeks followingoTissue: higher risk for recurrent infections, only need to be on anticoagulants for 3-6 months.■may be used more in older adult populations, noncompliant, or someonecontraindicated in the use of anticoagulants.

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Medicine

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