A One-Way Between-Subjects MANOVA Analysis of Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral Dimensions
Study using MANOVA to compare anxiety differences across countries.
Benjamin Fisher
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Exploring Cross-Country Differences in Anxiety: A One-Way Between-
Subjects MANOVA Analysis of Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral
Dimensions
1. What is the ONE independent variable in this study? What are the dependent
variables?
The independent variable is COUNTRY (Industrial and Non-Industrial).
The dependent variables are Cognitive (COG), Affective (AFFECT) and Behavioral
(BEHAVE).
2. Why is a one-way between-subject MANOVA appropriate to use for this research
design?
HINT:
Consider the number of IVs and the number of DVs for your answer.
Here the number of independent variable is 1 but the numbers of dependent variables
are more than 1 so when the number of dependent is more than 1, the appropriate
technique is one-way between-subjects MANOVA
3. Did you find any errors that the researcher made when setting up the SPSS data file
(don’t forget to check the variable view)? If so, what did you find? How did you
correct it?
HINT:
YES! The Measures (for scale of measurement) is wrong for each of the 4 variables! You
need to indicate what was wrong and what should be the correct measures.
All the four variables are shown as Nominal variable but in actual the COUNTRY
should be a nominal variable and Cognitive (COG), Affective (AFFECT) and
Behavioral (BEHAVE) should be scale variables. The scale of these variables are
changed before the analysis.
Subjects MANOVA Analysis of Cognitive, Affective, and Behavioral
Dimensions
1. What is the ONE independent variable in this study? What are the dependent
variables?
The independent variable is COUNTRY (Industrial and Non-Industrial).
The dependent variables are Cognitive (COG), Affective (AFFECT) and Behavioral
(BEHAVE).
2. Why is a one-way between-subject MANOVA appropriate to use for this research
design?
HINT:
Consider the number of IVs and the number of DVs for your answer.
Here the number of independent variable is 1 but the numbers of dependent variables
are more than 1 so when the number of dependent is more than 1, the appropriate
technique is one-way between-subjects MANOVA
3. Did you find any errors that the researcher made when setting up the SPSS data file
(don’t forget to check the variable view)? If so, what did you find? How did you
correct it?
HINT:
YES! The Measures (for scale of measurement) is wrong for each of the 4 variables! You
need to indicate what was wrong and what should be the correct measures.
All the four variables are shown as Nominal variable but in actual the COUNTRY
should be a nominal variable and Cognitive (COG), Affective (AFFECT) and
Behavioral (BEHAVE) should be scale variables. The scale of these variables are
changed before the analysis.
4. Perform Initial Data Screening. What did you find regarding missing values,
univariate outliers, multivariate outliers, normality?
a. What should you consider when you find these kinds of outcomes?
HINTS:
For missing values, see Case Processing Summary
Univariate outliers: inspect boxplots
Multivariate outliers: Don’t forget to create the Case ID variable to do this analysis.
Then, perform a regression analysis with CaseID as the DV and Country as the IV in
order to compute the Mahalanobis distance measures. Be sure to click Save when you
are setting up the regression so the regression scores will be saved to a new variable
(automatically named MAH_1). Then, Explore MAH_1 scores, remembering to check the
“Outliers” box that is found with Plots. This will give you information about multivariate
outliers.
Normality:
Examine the skewness and kurtosis values for each dependent variable:
Examining the histograms
Examine the Shapiro-Wilks’ results
SPSS Output is given below for above question:
univariate outliers, multivariate outliers, normality?
a. What should you consider when you find these kinds of outcomes?
HINTS:
For missing values, see Case Processing Summary
Univariate outliers: inspect boxplots
Multivariate outliers: Don’t forget to create the Case ID variable to do this analysis.
Then, perform a regression analysis with CaseID as the DV and Country as the IV in
order to compute the Mahalanobis distance measures. Be sure to click Save when you
are setting up the regression so the regression scores will be saved to a new variable
(automatically named MAH_1). Then, Explore MAH_1 scores, remembering to check the
“Outliers” box that is found with Plots. This will give you information about multivariate
outliers.
Normality:
Examine the skewness and kurtosis values for each dependent variable:
Examining the histograms
Examine the Shapiro-Wilks’ results
SPSS Output is given below for above question:
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Subject
Psychology