Abnormal Psychology: An Integrative Approach 5th Edition Test Bank

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Indicate the answer choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.
1. What is the most notable contribution of Clarence Hinckes?
a.He argued that mental illness is treatable with a combination of drugs and individualized attention.
b
.
He argued that mental illness was incurable but more humane institutions were needed to care for the mentally
ill.
c.He argued that mental illness was caused by brain pathology and, therefore, was incurable and that therapy
should consist of learning to cope with symptoms.
d
.
He argued that mental illness was treatable, which was contrary to the prevailing view at the time.
2. Who is the concept of a “hierarchy of needs” most closely associated with?
a. Carl Rogers
b. Anna Freud
c. Abraham Maslow
d. Carl Jung
3. The concept of hysteria traditionally meant physical symptoms for which no organic pathology could be found. Which
of the following terms is now used to refer to this concept?
a. neurosis
b. anxiety disorders
c. delusions
d. somatic symptom disorders
4. Trent is in psychoanalysis and states to his therapist that he thinks that his wife is considering having an affair with her
co-worker. Later on in the session, Trent admits that he is tempted to start an affair with his own co-worker. What defence
mechanism was Trent displaying when he accused his wife of thinking about being unfaithful?
a. sublimation
b. projection
c. displacement
d. denial
5. According to psychoanalytic theory, what is the role of the ego?
a. to counteract the aggressive and sexual drives of the id
b. to maximize pleasure and reduce tension
c. to mediate conflict between the id and the superego
d. to increase self-esteem and a strong sense of identity
6. What was Erikson’s greatest contribution to psychoanalytical theorizing?
a. his idea that development occurs across the life span
b. his idea that sexual arousal and interest occur during the latency stage
c. his idea that societal factors influence our behaviour
d. his idea that intrapsychic conflicts are resolved

7. According to psychoanalytic theory, the id operates according to the pleasure principle. What does that mean?
a. It utilizes secondary-process thinking.
b. It thinks in an unemotional, logical, and rational manner.
c. It is sexual, aggressive, selfish, and envious.
d. It adheres to social rules and regulations.
8. After graduation, two of your friends express an interest in psychology careers. Carl wants to work with relatively
healthy individuals who are experiencing adjustment or vocational difficulties. Anna wishes to focus on the more severe
psychological disorders and conduct research into their causes. Because you are studying abnormal psychology, they ask
you for career advice. What do you tell them?
a. Carl should study psychology at the graduate level, and Anna should apply to medical school.
b. Carl should study clinical psychology at the graduate level, and Anna should study counselling psychology at
the graduate level.
c. Both of them should apply to medical school.
d. Anna should study clinical psychology at the graduate level, and Carl should study counselling psychology at
the graduate level.
9. In the late 1800s, there was an emphasis on biological causes of mental disorders, which ironically reduced interest in
treatments for mental patients. Why did this happen?
a. because it was thought that hospital staff were not adequately trained to administer new treatments
b. because it was thought that patients would improve more rapidly if they were not hospitalized
c. because it was thought that mental illness due to brain pathology was incurable

13. How does Gestalt therapy differ from psychoanalytic therapy?
a. In Gestalt therapy, there is no delving into past experiences.
b. In Gestalt therapy, the critical element is the therapist’s unconditional positive regard for the patient.
c. In Gestalt therapy, there is little emphasis on the here and now.
d. In Gestalt therapy, there is little or no training required for therapists.
14. If a psychological disorder is said to have an acute onset, how did the symptoms develop?
a. atypically
b. suddenly
c. gradually
d. sporadically
15. Which of the following Greek philosophers suggested that maladaptive behaviour was rooted in social and cultural
factors?
a. Galen
b. Hippocrates
c. Plato
d. Aristotle
16. Popular musician Lady Gaga has performed with blood spurting out of her clothes. Why might having blood spurt
from her clothes be considered abnormal?
a. because her behaviour demonstrates a sense of subjective discomfort
b. because she has an inability to distinguish right from wrong
c. because it is a deviation from the what is typical in her society
d. because she shows an inability to function effectively
17. Anton Mesmer, an early 18th-century physician, purported to cure patients by unblocking the flow of a bodily fluid he
called “animal magnetism.” Benjamin Franklin’s double-blind experiment indicated that any effectiveness of Mesmer’s
methods was actually due to which of the following?

20. Why is a patient’s age important information in the clinical description?
a. because young children do not experience true psychological disorders
b. because older adults are reluctant to report psychological symptoms
c. because children are not reliable sources of information about symptoms
d. because disorders occurring in childhood may be expressed differently at older ages
21. In most Western societies, what happens when a person enters a trance state and believes he or she is possessed?
a. The person is believed to be suffering from a psychotic disorder.
b. The person is diagnosed with a dissociative disorder.
c. The person may be viewed as having a psychological disorder.
d. The person can be cured with antipsychotic medication.
22. Why are hysterical disorders no longer considered to be caused by a “wandering” uterus?
a. because men also suffer from hysterical disorders
b. because of greater knowledge of physiology
c. because the theory is considered insulting to women
d. because when the uterus is removed, symptoms tend to remain
23. William lived in the 19th century and had the cognitive disorder known as “general paresis.” Based on this
information, what other disease do you know William suffered from?
a. epilepsy
b. hysteria
c. malaria
d. syphilis
24. In the 14th century, what did the physician who first treated France’s King Charles VI suggest as a cure?
a. reducing his responsibilities
b. bloodletting
c. exorcism
d. sexual abstinence
25. Statistical data are relevant to researchers. For example, one major epidemiological study found that about 7.8 percent
of people in North America have had a mood disorder at some point in their lives and 3.7 percent have experienced a
mood disorder over the past year. What do the 7.8 percent and 3.7 percent statistics refer to, respectively?
a. incidence; prevalence

27. What did Jean Charcot find when he used a variation of Mesmer’s?
a. These methods were effective in treating a number of psychological disorders.
b. These methods were no more effective than previous methods he had used.
c. Patients were better able to understand the link between their emotional problems and their psychological
disorder.
d. The symptoms of some patients actually worsened.
28. According to psychoanalytic theory, what do the conflicts between the id and the superego often lead to?
a. anxiety
b. anger
c. violent behaviour
d. depression
29. During more superstitious times, which of the following was thought to be the cause of abnormal behaviour?
a. a demonic possession
b. black bile
c. homosexuality
d. punishment of the illiterate
30. Which of the following is associated with the humanistic theories of Carl Rogers?
a. hierarchy of needs
b. dream analysis
c. moral hygiene
d. client-centred therapy
31. According to Hippocrates’ humoral theory, which of the following best characterizes the choleric personality?
a. hot tempered

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34. In contrast to Freud, how did Jung and Adler view human nature?
a. They believed that cognitive and personality factors shape human potential.
b. They believed that humans are born with a strong drive toward self-actualization.
c. They believed that the ego is much stronger than Freud postulated.
d. They believed that humans are shaped through learning from their environment.
35. You have just read a newspaper article about a savage rape and murder. You wonder how anyone could commit such a
horrible crime. Then you recall from your study of Freudian theory that anyone could be a killer or rapist if certain
impulses are not well controlled. Which of the following best describes these impulses?
a. intrapsychic forces
b.

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41. A four-year-old girl sucks her thumb, a teenager binges on food, and an adult woman bites her fingernails. According
to the Freudian theory of psychosexual development, what underlies all of these behaviours?
a. repression of aggressive impulses
b. a fixation at the oral stage of psychosexual development
c. a trauma during the toilet-training phase
d. denial of unacceptable feelings, thoughts, or wishes
42. In many parts of the world during the 1970s, what would an individual suffering from an anxiety disorder most likely
have been prescribed?
a. bromides
b. neuroleptics
c. benzodiazepines
d. electroconvulsive therapy
43. According to Freudian theory, anxiety is a signal for the ego to marshal its mechanisms of defence. This is a function
of which of the following?
a. reality-based actions
b. conscious efforts to maintain control
c. unconscious protective processes
d. primitive emotional responses
44. Why is Watson and Rayner’s experiment in which they induced a fear of white, furry objects in Little Albert famous?
a. It was the first real-life demonstration of operant conditioning.
b. It was the first recorded lawsuit made against the psychology profession for

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48. In ancient Greece, a woman suffering from hysteria might be told that her condition could be cured by which of the
following?
a. induced seizures
b. bloodletting
c. marriage
d. rest and relaxation
49. The term psychotherapist is used to describe
a. clinical psychologists and psychiatrists only.
b. people who provide therapy but who do not hold medical degrees.
c. people who followed in the traditions of

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55. After receiving the results of four different sets of tests, Mary’s doctor tells her that she has cancer. Mary states, “This
can’t be true; I’m going to get a second opinion.” Which defence mechanism does this example illustrate?
a. displacement
b. denial
c. projection
d. repression
56. In the middle of the 20th century, which of the following were some of the first effective drugs for psychological
disorders?
a. benzodiazepines to treat depression
b. bromides and opium for sedation
c. insulin and neuroleptics for sedation
d. neuroleptics for psychotic symptoms
57. According to Abraham Maslow’s hierarchy of needs, individuals will be unable to achieve high levels of self-
actualization and self-esteem unless which of the following has taken place?
a.unless they have been raised with unconditional positive regard from primary caregivers
b.unless they have first met more basic human requirements such as food, sex, and friendship
c.unless they have developed sufficient ego strength
d.unless they have gratified their basic needs and satisfied their drive for physical pleasure through the five
psychosexual stages of development
58. Bloodletting, often through the use of leeches, was a treatment devised centuries ago.

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61. In 14th- and 15th-century Europe, to what was inexplicable behaviour attributed?
a. evil
b. stupidity
c. humors
d. astrology
62. Sarah underwent chemotherapy treatment for cancer. She now reports experiencing mild nausea when she drives by
the hospital and severe nausea when she enters the hospital where her chemotherapy was administered. What phenomenon
best explains these reactions to stimuli she associates with her chemotherapy?
a. reconditioning
b. introspection
c. operant conditioning
d. stimulus generalization
63. The discovery of certain tranquilizers made it possible to control psychotic symptoms, including hallucinations and
delusions. What kind of drugs were these tranquilizers?
a. neuroleptics
b. bromides
c. benzodiazepines
d. opiates
64. As compared to her father, Sigmund Freud, Anna Freud (1895–1982) focused her work on the way our behaviour is
influenced. Which of the following did she write?
a. Id and the Mechanisms of Defense
b. Our Neurosis and the Mechanisms of Defense
c. Our Self-actualization and the Mechanisms of Defense
d. Ego and the Mechanisms of Defense
65. In Freud’s iceberg analogy of the psyche, which

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68. What is the relationship between a presenting problem and a clinical description?
a. Obtaining the patient’s clinical description is the first step in determining what the patient’s presenting problem
is.
b.Describing the patient’s presenting problem is the first step in determining the patient’s clinical description.
c. The presenting problem refers to the current status of a distressed individual; the clinical description refers to
the treatment plan.
d.The presenting problem refers to symptoms that last only a short time, whereas the clinical description refers to
symptoms that are chronic.
69. Jason has been having a lot of difficulty because of his irrational fears. His doctor advises Jason to participate in an
anxiety-reduction procedure based on the work of Joseph Wolpe. What is this procedure?
a. aversive conditioning
b. person-centred therapy
c. systematic desensitization
d. mesmerism
70. What does Wolpe’s technique of systematic desensitization involve?
a. reinforcing successive approximations to a final behaviour or set of behaviours
b. gradually introducing the feared objects or situations so that fear can be extinguished
c. gradually reinforcing

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74. In classical psychoanalysis, what does the concept of “transference” refer to?
a. the process whereby the patient falsely attributes his or her own unacceptable feelings or thoughts to the
therapist
b. the process whereby the therapist projects some of his or her own personal feelings onto the patient
c. the process whereby the patient relates to the therapist as he or she would toward a parent figure
d. the process whereby the patient directs potentially maladaptive impulses to socially acceptable behaviour
75. Alonso believes that Hedwig’s behaviour disturbance is due to an excess of black bile. Whose ideas about psychiatry
does Alonso’s belief best align with?
a. Blueler
b. Aristotle
c. Newton
d. Hippocrates

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81. Frank drinks three bottles of wine each day and believes he would be fine if people would just “mind their own
business.” Which criterion for abnormality is absent from this scenario?
a. objective harm to others
b. personal distress
c. maladaptiveness
d. qualitative uniqueness
82. Realizing patients are often unaware of material previously recalled under hypnosis, Charcot, Breuer, and Freud
hypothesized the existence of a concept considered one of the most important developments in the history of
psychopathology. What was that concept?
a. psychosis
b. the unconscious mind
c. catharsis
d. repression
83. Mrs. Babcock received a very poor rating from her supervisor, who had been constantly criticizing her in front of her
co-workers. When she got home, her children ran up to greet her, all talking at once. She responded by yelling, “Leave me
alone! Can’t you see I’m tired?” According to psychoanalytic theory, which defence mechanism does this situation
illustrate?
a. projection

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88. Which of the following was common in asylums in the mid-18th century?
a. physical restraints and seclusion
b. individual attention from the hospital staff
c. lectures on interesting subjects for hospitalized patients
d. opportunities for normal social interaction
89. What did Freud and Breuer discover about the process known as “catharsis”?
a. They discovered that it reduces psychotic symptoms such as hallucinations and delusions.
b. They discovered that it occurs beyond the conscious awareness of the patient.
c. They discovered that it leads to insight.
d. They discovered that the power of suggestion subconsciously changed behaviour.
90. Induced vomiting was a 17th-century treatment for depression. As described in Anatomy of Melancholy (1621), this
could be accomplished by eating what?
a. tobacco
b. ice
c. raw meat
d. onions
91. What do humanistic therapists regard as the most positive influence in

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95. You are a psychiatrist in the 1930s who has decided to begin treating your patients diagnosed with schizophrenia with
a new treatment known as “electroconvulsive therapy” instead of the traditional “insulin shock therapy.” What is the most
likely reason for this decision?
a. You believe that insulin therapy is too expensive.
b. You believe that insulin therapy is too risky.
c. You believe that insulin therapy is not effective.
d. You believe that insulin therapy is unethical.
96. In Medieval Europe, feelings of despair and lethargy were seen as a sin. What was this sin called?
a. gluttony
b. lust
c. sloth
d. greed
97. According to the ancient Greek physician Hippocrates, which of the following factors could negatively influence
psychological functioning?
a. family stress
b. birth order
c. believing in astrology
d. supernatural forces
98. When did moral therapy work best?

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