Abnormal Psychology Eighth Edition Test Bank

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1 Psychological abnormality may include deviance, distress,
dysfunction, and danger. First, explain what these terms mean
regarding psychological abnormality. Second, provide an
example of a time when each aspect of abnormality would not be
considered abnormal.

2 Suppose a friend of yours says to you, ―I feel really lousy today,
and I don't know why. You're taking abnormal psych—what do
you think?‖ If, after your conversation with your friend, your
friend feels better about things, have you provided psychological
therapy? Why or why not? Include the essential features of
therapy in your answer.

3 What is demonology? How does demonology stand in the way of
a more complete understanding of the causes and treatment of
psychological abnormality?

4 Discuss the contributions of three of the following individuals to the treatment of
abnormal psychology. Include when and where each lived.
Hippocrates
Emil Kraepelin
Dorothea Dix
Philippe Pinel
Friedrich Anton Mesmer
Benjamin Rush
William Tuke

5 Assume that Benjamin Rush and Dorothea Dix suddenly
appeared in the twenty-first century, about 50 years after the
U.S. policy of deinstitutionalization began. What would they
think about our treatment of the ―mentally ill?‖ What
suggestions might they make for changes in our policy of
deinstitutionalization?


6 Define and contrast somatogenic and psychogenic perspectives
regarding abnormal psychological functioning, and provide at
least one example of evidence supporting each perspective.

7 According to your text, deinstitutionalization has resulted, in
part, in large numbers of people with severe psychological
disturbances either becoming homeless or ending up in jail or
prison. Is deinstitutionalization an ethical and appropriate
strategy for the treatment of mental illness that the United
States should continue to follow? Back up your answer with
specific examples.

8 Increasingly, people seeking treatment for mental health reasons
are members of managed care programs. How are managed
care programs changing how psychological services are
provided? Discuss one advantage and one disadvantage of such
programs.

9 The following types of mental health professionals work in the
area of psychological abnormality; describe the differences in
how they are educated, and in what they do.
clinical psychologists
psychiatrists
clinical researchers

�
10 Create a time line on which you place five major events in the
history of abnormality. Briefly describe why each event is
important to our understanding of abnormality.

11 The aspect of the definition of abnormality that characterizes
behavior as different from the norm is ______.
 deviance (True Answer )
 *

12 The stated and unstated rules that a society establishes to govern
proper conduct are referred to as______.
 norms (True Answer )
 *
13 Ken is so anxious that his anxiety by itself causes him to suffer.
Ken's situation represents the aspect of the definition of
abnormality called ______.
 distress (True Answer )
 *
14 Colleen is so afraid of open spaces that she cannot leave her
house to go to work. This represents the aspect of the definition
of abnormality called ______.
 dysfunction (True Answer )
 *
15 Heather has been feeling depressed and has begun to feel
helpless and hopeless and is considering committing suicide.
Killing herself represents the aspect of the definition of
abnormality called ______.
 danger (True Answer )
 *
16 The idea that the behaviors we label abnormal are just problems
in living has been proposed by ______.
 Thomas Szasz (True Answer )
 *
17 While some clinicians will refer to the person they are treating
as a patient, others will refer to the person as a(n) ______.
 client (True Answer )
 *
18 The crude early form of surgery in which a hole was made in the
skull of a person, presumably to allow evil spirits to escape, was
called ______.
 trephination (True Answer )
 *
19 The procedure that a priest or other powerful person might
perform to drive evil spirits from a person is called ______.
 exorcism (True Answer )

 *
20 ______ believed that abnormal behavior was caused by brain
pathology that was a consequence of an imbalance in the four
humors of the body.
 Hippocrates (True Answer )
 *
21 The ―parent‖ of modern medicine who believed that illnesses
had natural causes was ______.
 Hippocrates (True Answer )
 *
22 During the Middle Ages, a person who believed that he was
possessed by wolves and other animals was said to be suffering
from ______.
 lycanthropy (True Answer )
 *
23 The roots of today's community mental health programs can be
traced back to the fifteenth century when people came to the
Belgian town of______ for psychic healing.
 Gheel (True Answer )
 *
24 An approach to treating people with mental dysfunction that
emphasized humane and respectful approaches was known as
______ treatment.
 moral (True Answer )
 *
25 The physician who instituted a series of reforms at La Bicêtre
asylum and ―unchained‖ mental patients was ______.
 Pinel (True Answer )
 *
26 The treatment for mental illness espoused by French physician
Philippe Pinel and English Quaker William Tuke was called
_____ treatment by their contemporaries.
 moral (True Answer )
 *
27 The American advocate for laws mandating the improved
treatment of people with mental disorders was ______.

 Dorothea Dix (True Answer )
 *
28 The view that physical causes are at the root of mental illnesses
is called the ______ perspective.
 somatogenic (True Answer )
 *
29 The somatogenic view of mental illness was given a boost in the
1800s when it was discovered that general paresis was caused by
______.
 syphilis (True Answer )
 *
30 Psychological causes are at the root of mental illness, according
to the ______ perspective.
 psychogenic (True Answer )
 *
31 The inducement of a trancelike state in which a person becomes
extremely suggestible fits into the ______ model of treating
mental illness.
 psychogenic (True Answer )
 *
32 Psychoanalysis's view of causes of abnormal and normal
behavior fits into the ______ model.
 psychogenic (True Answer )
 *
33 Psychotropic medications fit into the ______ model of treating
mental illness.
 somatogenic (True Answer )
 *
34 The major development utilizing drugs in the treatment of the
mentally ill in the second half of the twentieth century was the
development of psychiatric ______.
 psychotropic medications (True Answer )
 *
35 The reduction in the number of people housed in mental
hospitals in the last 40 years can be attributed to a trend called

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______.
 deinstitutionalization (True Answer )
 *
36 Moving the focus for the care of the mentally ill out of hospitals
is part of the ______ approach.
 community mental health (True Answer )
 *
37 The largest group of professionals who provide mental health
services are ______.
 psychiatric social workers (True Answer )
 *
38 The degree that psychiatrists hold is the ______.
 M.D. or D.O. (True Answer )
 *
39 One who systematically gathers information in order to
describe, predict, and explain abnormality is a clinical:
 mentalist. Incorrect
 legalist. Incorrect
 scientist. (True Answer )Correct
 practitioner. Incorrect
40 If you wanted a career in which you focus on detecting,
assessing, and treating abnormal patterns of functioning, you
should look into becoming a clinical:
 practitioner. (True Answer )Correct
 researcher. Incorrect
 historian. Incorrect
 statistician. Incorrect
41 The stated and unstated rules for proper conduct that a society
establishes are referred to as:
 norms. (True Answer )Correct
 culture. Incorrect
 morality. Incorrect
 conventions. Incorrect

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42 Behavior that violates legal norms is:
 deviant and criminal. (True Answer )Correct
 distressful and criminal. Incorrect
 deviant and psychopathological. Incorrect
 distressful and psychopathological. Incorrect
43 The history, values, institutions, technology, and arts of a society
make up that society's:
 laws. Incorrect
 norms. Incorrect
 culture. (True Answer )Correct
 conventions. Incorrect
44 Which of the following depressed people would be the LEAST
likely to be diagnosed with a mental disorder—because of
specific circumstances?
 someone whose mother was depressed Incorrect
 someone whose community was destroyed by a tornado (True
Answer )Correct
 someone who was experiencing a chemical brain
imbalance Incorrect
 someone who was also an alcoholic Incorrect
45 R. D. Laing said, ―Insanity—a perfectly rational adjustment to
an insane world.‖ This statement illustrates:
 how dangerous most mentally ill people actually
are. Incorrect
 that abnormality is situational. (True Answer )Correct
 that everyone is a little eccentric. Incorrect
 that drug use causes people to become mentally ill. Incorrect
46 That 42 percent of people go to church and 39 percent snoop in
their hosts' medicine cabinets demonstrates the principle that:
 deviance is culturally defined. Incorrect
 behavior that is not really dangerous can nevertheless be
considered abnormal. Incorrect
 statistical deviance is not the same thing as
abnormality. (True Answer )Correct
 behavior that is not distressful is not abnormal. Incorrect

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47 If a person experienced anxiety or depression following a
significant natural disaster, we would say that the person was:
 suffering from a mental illness. Incorrect
 deviant but not dangerous. Incorrect
 exhibiting a typical reaction. (True Answer )Correct
 statistically deviant. Incorrect
48 People who engage in frenetic, manic activity may not
experience distress. They are:
 nevertheless considered to be abnormal. (True Answer
)Correct
 not abnormal because abnormality requires
distress. Incorrect
 doing something illegal, not abnormal. Incorrect
 no longer considered abnormal, but were in the
past. Incorrect
49 A person who is so miserable that he or she can see no reason for
living BEST fits which of the following definitions of
abnormality?
 deviance Incorrect
 distress (True Answer )Correct
 dangerousness Incorrect
 dysfunction Incorrect
50 An individual has a 9-to-5 job. However, this person seldom gets
up early enough to be at work on time, and expresses great
distress over this behavior. This individual's behavior would be
considered abnormal because it is:
 dysfunctional. Incorrect
 deviant. Incorrect
 dysfunctional and deviant. (True Answer )Correct
 dangerous. Incorrect
51 Which aspect of the definition of abnormality includes the
inability to care for oneself and work productively?
 distress Incorrect
 deviance Incorrect
 dysfunction (True Answer )Correct
 danger to self or others Incorrect
52 Which of the following would NOT be considered abnormal,
despite the fact that the person's behavior is dysfunctional?

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 someone who is too confused to drive safely Incorrect
 someone who parties so much that he or she cannot go to
class Incorrect
 someone who goes on a hunger strike to protest social
injustice (True Answer )Correct
 someone who cannot stay alone for even one night Incorrect
53 A Secret Service agent steps in front of the President of the
United States, prepared to be killed or injured if the President's
safety is threatened. Psychologically speaking, the Secret Service
agent's behavior is:
 functional, but psychologically abnormal. Incorrect
 functional, and not psychologically abnormal. Incorrect
 dysfunctional, and psychologically abnormal. Incorrect
 dysfunctional, but not psychologically abnormal. (True
Answer )Correct
54 Research shows that danger to self or others is found in:
 all cases of abnormal functioning. Incorrect
 most cases of abnormal functioning. Incorrect
 some cases of abnormal functioning. (True Answer )Correct
 no cases of abnormal functioning. Incorrect
55 Despite popular misconceptions, most people with psychological
problems are not:
 dysfunctional. Incorrect
 dangerous. (True Answer )Correct
 distressing. Incorrect
 deviant. Incorrect
56 According to Thomas Szasz's views, the deviations that some call
mental illness are really:
 mental illnesses. Incorrect
 problems in living. (True Answer )Correct
 caused by one's early childhood experiences. Incorrect
 eccentric behaviors with a biological cause. Incorrect
57 A researcher spends 15 or more hours per day conducting
experiments or doing library reading and records observations
on color-coded index cards. This person lives alone in the
country, but he doesn't interfere with others' lives. The BEST
description of the researcher's behavior is that it is:

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 eccentric. (True Answer )Correct
 abnormal. Incorrect
 dangerous. Incorrect
 dysfunctional. Incorrect
58 College students who drink so much that it interferes with their
lives, health, and academic careers are often not diagnosed as
engaging in abnormal behavior because:
 the behavior is not illegal. Incorrect
 they are just considered eccentric. Incorrect
 they don't harm anyone but themselves. Incorrect
 drinking is considered part of college culture. (True Answer
)Correct
59 Defining abnormal behavior, using ―the four Ds‖:
 allows us to create diagnoses that are clear-cut and not
debatable. Incorrect
 allows us to eliminate those who are merely
eccentric. Incorrect
 allows us to include those who experience no
distress. Incorrect
 is still often vague and subjective. (True Answer )Correct
60 Lady Gaga and other eccentrics are usually not considered to be
experiencing a mental illness because:
 they are not deviant. Incorrect
 they freely choose and enjoy their behavior. (True Answer
)Correct
 they are only dangerous to others, not to
themselves. Incorrect
 while they are distressed by their behavior, others are
not. Incorrect
61 Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of eccentrics
noted by researchers in the field?
 being a poor speller Incorrect
 having a diagnosable mental illness (True Answer )Correct
 being creative Incorrect
 enjoying one's life Incorrect
62 Studies show that eccentrics are more likely than those with
mental disorders to say:

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 I feel like my behavior has been thrust on me. Incorrect
 I'm different and I like it. (True Answer )Correct
 I am in a lot of pain and I suffer a great deal. Incorrect
 I wish I were not so ―unique.‖ Incorrect
63 Clinical theorist Jerome Frank would say that all forms of
therapy include all of the following EXCEPT a:
 series of contacts. Incorrect
 healer. Incorrect
 third-party payer. (True Answer )Correct
 sufferer who seeks relief. Incorrect
64 One who sees abnormality as a problem in living usually refers
to those seeking help with their problems in living as:
 pupils. Incorrect
 patients. Incorrect
 trainees. Incorrect
 clients. (True Answer )Correct
65 Several researchers have shown that in a typical year in the
United States about what percentage of adults show
disturbances severe enough to need clinical treatment?
 under 1 percent. Incorrect
 5–10 percent Incorrect
 10–15 percent Incorrect
 over 15 percent (True Answer )Correct
66 Which of the following ―new diagnoses‖ would one experiencing
overwhelming concern about being bombarded with excessive
information on the Internet MOST likely receive?
 eco-anxiety Incorrect
 terrorism terror Incorrect
 crime phobia Incorrect
 cyber fear (True Answer )Correct
67 Which of the following ―new diagnoses‖ would someone
experiencing overwhelming concern about the security of travel
on planes and subways MOST likely receive?
 eco-anxiety Incorrect
 terrorism terror (True Answer )Correct
 crime phobia Incorrect
 cyber fear Incorrect

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68 Which of the following ―new diagnoses‖ would someone
experiencing overwhelming concern about where the safest
neighborhoods and schools are located be MOST likely to
receive?
 eco-anxiety Incorrect
 terrorism terror Incorrect
 crime phobia (True Answer )Correct
 cyber fear Incorrect
69 The use of exorcism in early societies suggests a belief that
abnormal behavior was caused by:
 germs. Incorrect
 poisons. Incorrect
 evil spirits. (True Answer )Correct
 psychological trauma. Incorrect
70 A person seeking help for a psychological abnormality is made
to drink bitter herbal potions and then submit to a beating, in
the hope that ―evil spirits‖ will be driven from the person's
body. This form of ―therapy‖ is called:
 exorcism. (True Answer )Correct
 shaman. Incorrect
 couvade. Incorrect
 trephination. Incorrect
71 If you were being treated by a shaman, you would MOST likely
be undergoing:
 psychoanalysis. Incorrect
 gender-sensitive therapy. Incorrect
 community-based treatment. Incorrect
 an exorcism. (True Answer )Correct
72 Hippocrates believed that treatment for mental disorders should
involve:
 releasing evil spirits trapped in the brain. Incorrect
 bringing the four body humors back into balance. (True
Answer )Correct
 punishing the body for its sins. Incorrect
 bloodletting. Incorrect
73 Hippocrates's contribution to the development of our
understanding of mental illness was the view that such
conditions were the result of:

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 stress. Incorrect
 natural causes. (True Answer )Correct
 brain pathology. Incorrect
 spiritual deviations. Incorrect
74 Hippocrates thought that abnormal behavior resulted from an
imbalance in the four humors, one of which was:
 water. Incorrect
 lymph gland fluid. Incorrect
 phlegm. (True Answer )Correct
 cerebrospinal fluid. Incorrect
75 Hippocrates attempted to treat mental disorders by:
 hypnotizing patients. Incorrect
 chaining patients to walls. Incorrect
 correcting underlying physical pathology. (True Answer
)Correct
 encouraging patients to speak about past traumas. Incorrect
76 Bob experiences unshakable sadness. His friends have stopped
trying to cheer him up because nothing works. An ancient Greek
physician would have labeled his condition:
 mania. Incorrect
 hysteria. Incorrect
 delusional. Incorrect
 melancholia. (True Answer )Correct
77 A flash mob is MOST similar to:
 mass madness. (True Answer )Correct
 melancholia. Incorrect
 trephination. Incorrect
 eco-terrorist Incorrect
78 What model of mental illness did MOST people believe in
during the Middle Ages?
 the moral model Incorrect
 the medical model Incorrect
 the psychogenic model Incorrect
 the demonology model (True Answer )Correct

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79 Tarantism and lycanthropy are examples of:
 exorcism. Incorrect
 mass madness. (True Answer )Correct
 physical pathology causing mental illness. Incorrect
 disorders that were treated with trephination. Incorrect
80 St. Vitus's dance, characterized by people suddenly going into
convulsions, jumping around, and dancing, was also known as:
 lycanthropy. Incorrect
 melancholia. Incorrect
 phlegmatism. Incorrect
 tarantism. (True Answer )Correct
81 ―Mass madness‖ is a general term that includes all of the
following disorders common in the Middle Ages in Europe
EXCEPT:
 tarantism. Incorrect
 lycanthropy. Incorrect
 exorcism. (True Answer )Correct
 St. Vitus's dance. Incorrect
82 Those MOST often in charge of treating abnormality in the
Middle Ages in Europe were the:
 physicians. Incorrect
 nobility. Incorrect
 peasants. Incorrect
 clergy. (True Answer )Correct
83 During the Middle Ages in Europe, demonology dominated
views of abnormality for all of the following reasons EXCEPT:
 the power of the clergy increased greatly. Incorrect
 the church rejected scientific forms of investigation. Incorrect
 the church controlled education. Incorrect
 the culture rejected religious beliefs. (True Answer )Correct
84 The individual considered to be the founder of the modern study
of psychopathology is:
 Hippocrates. Incorrect
 Johann Weyer. (True Answer )Correct
 Dorothea Dix. Incorrect
 Emil Kraepelin. Incorrect

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85 Johann Weyer, considered to be the founder of the modern
study of psychopathology, was a physician in the:
 1200s. Incorrect
 1500s. (True Answer )Correct
 1700s. Incorrect
 1800s. Incorrect
86 Pilgrims in Europe in the 1600s would be MOST likely to go for
―psychic healing‖ to:
 Bethlehem Hospital in London. Incorrect
 Gheel, Belgium. (True Answer )Correct
 La Bicêtre in Paris. Incorrect
 Athens, Greece. Incorrect
87 In many areas, asylums of the 1500s, such as Bethlehem Hospital
in London, became:
 shrines. Incorrect
 tourist attractions. (True Answer )Correct
 sheltered workshops. Incorrect
 centers of moral treatment. Incorrect
88 Treatment for mental illness in the early asylums tended to be:
 moral therapy. Incorrect
 harsh and cruel. (True Answer )Correct
 religiously based. Incorrect
 psychogenic therapy. Incorrect
89 What is the distinction of Bethlehem Hospital, founded in
London in 1547?
 Popularly called ―Bedlam,‖ it came to represent deplorable
conditions for patients. (True Answer )Correct
 It was the first asylum founded by Hippocrates. Incorrect
 It was founded by Henry VIII as a place to house his
numerous ex-wives. Incorrect
 It was the first asylum where the moral treatment of patients
was practiced. Incorrect
90 The basis for moral treatment of asylum patients was the belief
that:
 mental problems had a biological basis. Incorrect

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